Hi, I am Ria, back again. Oh well , Today we will go and learn something a little simpler,
but still maybe you will find it very very interesting as well. So today we are gonna
talk about adjectives. No you must be wondering I have adjectives on the board but I have
got nouns at the bottom, that's because adjectives are used to modify nouns, did you know that?
Alright, when you have a set of nouns and you want to make meaning of the nouns more
exact, you want to modify it in such a way so that you have a clear picture as to what
that noun actually is you use adjectives. So adjectives are describing words, they help
to modify nouns.
So let's see two nouns on the board. We have got Pig , we have got Girl, alright? So, you
have to learn four basic rules, there are four basic rules as to... not really as rules
but these are types, okay types of adjectives that can be used to describe certain nouns.(
all the nouns) What colour? If you want to describe a noun , maybe what colour that noun
is, that would make it much more clearer. Giving you the first example - It's just a
pig, but if you see the colour maybe it's a pink pig Or it's a black pig. So now it
becomes much more clearer instead of being just a pig. It is a pink pig, Alright? So,
It is a pink pig, that makes it much more clearer, isn't it? So we have taken care of
what colour. What kind? How can you describe what kind of pig is it? Is it a fat pig? Is
it a small pig? maybe it's an ugly pig... no pigs are not ugly...I just love them, so
cute! So let's take one example - It is a large pig. It is a large pig. There you go...
alright? Now we will do the same thing with the next noun. So moving forward , which one?
Which one is it? If you have got like a pen, a big pen with so many pigs and you have to
tell which one was the naughty pig that stole all the corn from the field. Which one is
it? That one, or this one , you will have to point out to describe which was it out
of so many. So let's say - That one, so That pig is very cute. Okay that pig is very cute.
So now you know that when you put an adjective in front of an noun, it becomes more descriptive.
Now how many? Numbers also come into this. How many? How many of the pigs, so it was
one pig, two pigs, five pigs... ah... several pigs... many pigs, how many of them, so if
you can describe it with a number, you would be able to describe it further. So let's say
one pig, so let's say a pig, one pig, you can denote it by using the letter 'a'. So,
A pig is missing from the pen. Becomes much more easier. Let's do the entire four rules
with the girl as well. What colour? What colour is that girl? Now, if you are talking about
girls we can't say she is yellowish or pinkish or reddish or blueish. So what colour? ... maybe
she is fair or she is a fair dame. or maybe she is dusky, alright so let's say - I am
a dusky girl. I am a dusky girl. Now describes that girl, instead of saying , I am a girl.
To make it even more descriptive - I am dusky girl, I am dusky girl who has won many many
awards in the competition. yes... no... that's a little too much. I am a dusky girl, so that
is more descriptive about that girl. Now let's see some other types - What kind? What kind
of girl is she? That describes that girl further. She is a mean girl. ... a mean girl... very
mean. OR she is a naughty girl... She is very naughty girl. So that's describing the girl
being very naughty. What other ways can we describe .. what kind? She is a mean girl,
She is a naughty girl, She is a sweet girl, She is a nice girl, she is a cute girl, so
these are the ways to describe what kind of girl she is. Moving on to the next one, Which
one? No if you have a lot of girls and you wanna describe which one was it. Which one
of them was naughty, so we will say , that one or this one was very naughty. So we can
use words like This or that or if you have in plural 'girls' . Let's use girls, we have
already used girl, singular let's use girls and make it plural. So, those girls , those
girls were going to the town. So you can say - Those girls were going to school. Those
girls were going to school. Now girls over here is the noun, so you are... out of all
the girls you are describing those bunch of girls who are going to school. So you can
say - Those girls were going to school. Those in this sentence is an adjective. I hope you
have understood. Let's go to the next one, How many? Now, how many of them? There are
two, or three or is it several or many. Okay so Let's put up a sentence like - I heard
several girls cheated in the exam. I heard several girls cheated in the exam. What you
think that girls don't cheat, it's only you boys. Never, there are some girls who also
cheat but it's just that we are very smart and we don't get caught. I heard several girls
cheated in the exam. I heard several, several is the adjective used to describe girls, okay.
Now why do we use several because girls is plural(noun). So we can use adjectives like
several, many or .....more than one . So I hope you have understood this, these are the
types of adjectives that are needed to be used and I have just shown you using two nouns,
I hope this has become much more clearer to you now.
Okay so now I hope that adjective are much more clearer, yes... we used nouns like pig
and girl and we tried to form all those sentences ... I hope it is much more clearer. Now let's
look at another rule that governs adjectives. This is an important rule. Let's looks at
these sentences. At the first look you would say - Out of the two obviously one is wrong,
but actually everyone makes this mistake. This is actually correct, both the sentences
are correct. Now I will tell you how, look at the first one - He is educated. The first
rule is, If the sentences completes at educated, or if the sentence completes at an adjective,
you do not need an article like 'a' or 'an'. So He is educated. is a complete sentence.
Look at the second one - He is an educated person, the first rule is if the sentence
completes at an adjective you do not need an article but if there is a noun after an
adjective, for example in this sentence we have person after educated, this is a noun
after the adjective, you will need an article, whether it is 'a' or 'an'. Now that depends
on the adjective. It depends on what sound the adjective starts with, whether it's a
consonant sound or it's a vowel sound. In this case educated starts with a vowel sound,
since it starts with a vowel sound we use 'an'. I hope that has become much more clearer
to you. We definitely make mistakes using 'a and an. Sometime we use He is a educated.
Or Going on to the second one - She is a beautiful. Have you made mistakes like this? Yes, it
is absolutely incorrect, I know majority of you make the same mistakes, please ensure
that you do not make this mistake again. Looking at at he second example - She is beautiful
. That is a complete sentence, if the sentence finishes at an adjective you do not need an
article but if there is a noun after the adjective, okay girl is a noun....if there's a noun after
an adjective you need an article. So how will we determine whether it's a or an, you will
have to see whether that adjective ... which sound it starts with, whether it starts with
a consonant sound or does it start with am vowel sound, in this case beautiful starts
with a consonant sound, so we will use 'a'. So looking at the sentences again- He is educated,
that's complete. He is an educated person. She is beautiful. She is a beautiful girl.
I am sure you can come up with as a many sentences as possible using these two rules. If there's
a noun you need to have an article. If there's no noun no article. I hope this has become
much more clearer, if it is not as clear you can always visit our website and watch all
the videos on articles , it would be much much more clearer, alright. This is Ria signing
off , I hope you have understood the lesson and you actually enjoyed it, take care I will
see you soon.