The word; [Faqeer=poor] and the word; [Miskeen=poor]
".. for the poor[Fuqaraa] and for the needy[Masakeen].." 9:60
Linguistics, are having different opinions about these words..
Who is [Faqeer] and who is [Miskeen]?
Some of them said: [Al-Faqeer] is..
who have less than [An-Nisab= the starting amount of money for Zakat]
It means..
the least amount of things.
a small amount!
This is [Al-Faqeer].
And; [Al-Miskeen]..
is who have nothing.
This was the opinion of some linguistics.
Do you mean that they have their food for the day.. as an example.
I mean, the [Faqeer]?
You may say that..
I mean, he has an income that is not enough for him.
Okay.
It is not enough.. it is less than [An-Nisab.]
he is [Al-Faqeer].
Yes.
[Al-Miskeen] have nothing.
at all!
This is one opinion.
Then why [Al-Fuqaraa] was mentioned first?
This opinion was evidenced by the verse;
"Or a needy person in misery[Matrabah]" 90:16
What is the meaning of the word;[Matrabah]?
i.e. he is down to earth[Turab=dust].
Non..
He has nothing!
He is severely poor!
Yes.
Others say.. No.
They say; [Al-Miskeen]..
still have something..
Because, Allah, Almighty, said:
"As for the ship, it belonged to poor people[Masakeen] working at sea.. "
So they have some, but it is not enough for them.
But, they have a ship.. they are rich!
It didn't belong to one person..
Oh, they were a group of owners..
They were poor people[Masakeen] working at sea.
They depend on it for living.
So, what about the linguistic meaning?
This is the meaning in language.
I mean, language experts are having different opinions about, who is the [Faqeer] and who is the [Miskeen]?
So, this was before Quran.
irrespective of how the words are used in Quran.
Actually, Quran also applies the linguistic usage of the words.
They say; the word; [Miskeen] is a derivative of the word;[Sukoon=stationarity and quietness]..
like sticking to the ground.. motionless.
The word; [Miskeen] is a form of hyperbole[Mubalagah].
what is the origin?
The past tense; [Sakana=being quite].
What is the tone of this form, linguistically?
[Mifa'eel].. of course.
We have more than 16 forms of exaggerated adjectives..[Mubalagah]
of course.
We have 16 forms of Intensiveness of Adjectives..
Even more.
So, they are numerous.
And [Mifa'eel] is a very famous form.
e.g. in poetry; '.. and their mother is skinny and [Minteeq'= Women if they are low in meat of buttocks, they wrap them to magnify them.]
So, the word; [Miskeen] is a form for exaggeration of the description.
Is it stronger in its indication of poverty?
because, he has nothing, at all.
Yes, too.
They say; it is from the quietness[sukoon[.. and it is in a form of exaggerated adjective.
And what is your own opinion about this?
Our lord..
Which word expresses poverty more?
and why He mentioned the word; [Faqeer] before the word; [Miskeen]?
It is not always of importance.. to mention a word first.
So, we cannot say there is a thing related to the rule if an item was mentioned first.. or late..
It is not a must.
Okaty.
The meaning is..
Allah, Almighty, wanted to inform us that;
The poor, who has nothing at all..
or the person who..
has few, that is not enough for him..
both of them..
deserve to be given Zakat.
The person who has nothing..
And the person who has less than the amount of [Nisab]..
whose income is not enough for his needs..
both..
are entitled to have Zakat.
both of them.
And actually the word; [Miskeen] is a form of exaggerated adjective.. it is a derivative of the word; [Sukoon=stationarity and quietness]..
So; [Al-Miskeen] is poorer than [Al-Faqeer].
Possible.
Okay, What is the meaning of; [Al-A'ail]
The needy.
So, it is the same meaning!
If we try to put them in sequence..
Who is the poorest?
Allah, Almighty, said about the messenger, SAW:
"And He found you poor[A'ailan] and made [you] self-sufficient." 93:8
He can be counted as any one of these two.
This is a general expression.
So, he is in a state of need.. generally speaking.
he can be [Faqeer] or [Miskeen].
Any related word that you might mention..
will fall within these two explanations.
Both of them are in need.
Yes, whatever the picture.
And the word; [Faqeer] is a derivative of the word; [Faqara= vertebral bone].
i.e. his back is broken of being poor.
something like this.
he can't..
So, the word is related to; [Faqara= vertebral bone].
They say that.. there is a probable relation between the two words.
as if his [Faqara= vertebral bone] is broken.
Okay.
Dr. doesn't this make the word, of a severer indication?
If the backbone of the person is broken, then he is in a severer situation than [Al-Miskeen].
Anyway..
Yes.
So, the explanation..
of some linguistics is..
[Al-Faqeer] has nothing..
and [Al-Miskeen] has that which is not enough for him.
Others said..
[Al-Faqeer] has some..
and [Al-Miskeen] has nothing.
This is what we can say.
And what is your opinion about this?
I think, [Al-Faqeer] is more..
poor..
So, [Al-Faqeer] is more poor..
as he was mentioned first, by our Lord, Almighty.
So, As it is about the need..
he has mentioned first the person who needs more.
Yes.
This is how it is.
".. for the poor[Fuqaraa] and for the needy[Masakeen].."
So, we can say the [faqeer] is poorer than [Al-Miskeen].
because, now we are talking about people in need..
so, He began with the more needy.
And, Allah knows.
Correct.
The words; [Ad-Dua'afa] and [Al-Mustad'afin].
[Al-Mustad'afin] are those who are taken as weak and they have cruel or unjust treatment because of this.
while; [Ad-Dua'afa].. they are the weak, themselves.
".. and has weak offspring.. " 266:5
And the [Mustad'af] is oppressed by others.
e.g. the children of Israel were oppressed by Pharaoh.
Yes.
"And We wanted to confer favor upon those who were oppressed in the land.. " 28:5
So, he was oppressing[Istad'afahum] them.
he was the ruler.. the authority, and for him, they were weak and so, he oppressed them.
But, [Ad-Dua'afa].. is weak, himself.
".. and has weak offspring.. "
How he [Istad'afa] them?
he tyrannized them..
he oppressed.
he was cruel to them.
Irrespective of their being weak or not.
No.. no.
So, there is a power.. that is unjust and strong..
Yes.
And, it dictated its rules upon them.
for example..
they governed them by force..
they humiliated them.. etc..
they didn't give them their rights.
they commanded them to do obligations, they can't do them.
So, Bani Israel were not weak, themselves.
This is not a must.
But, Pharaoh has perceived them as vulnerable.
because, he was above them with authority.. command.. and power..
For example.. now..
if we talk about politics.. for example..
Okay..
I'm giving an example..
I want to take you to the world of politics.
Look.. there are..
there are some groups of people..
in some countries..
These countries treat them by oppression[Tastad'aifahum].
they humiliate them..
for any reason..
Correct.
and they tyranize them..
Yes.
These individuals are considered; [Mustad'afeen]
So, they are oppressed by..
another power... Yes.
But,, [Ad-Du'afa] are weak themselves.
".. They will say, "We were oppressed in the land.".. " 4:97