Charles Darwin his theory predicted that all organisms originated from a single, common
ancestor and evolved through a process of very slow mutation and natural selection.
Darwin himself however admitted that he couldn't explain the sudden appearance on Earth of the
first complex animal group some 541 million years ago. Their presence can be confirmed
by the following fossils but where are their ancestors they seem to have come from nowhere
such complex life forms couldn't generate through a random mutation within a short
time frame they need a developed and coherent DNA code and a far longer biological time frame
Francis Crick molecular biologist and co-discover of DNA
the basic compound of DNA are the four chemical subunits called the bases which when paired form
nucleotides these nucleotides function just like the zero and one of the binary code when using
computers the sequence of these nucleotides is like an instruction booklet to build the proteins
that allow life the molecular biologist Leroy hood has also described DNA as a digital code
if a life form is to evolve into a more advanced one it must change its code and create new
coherent information the theory of evolution says that this has always happened by random mutations
of DNA code however we have seen that DNA works like a computer program and we know that if we try
to randomly rewrite an operating system code the system crashes radical mutations are not allowed
eight percent of our genome is viral DNA it has
settled in our evolutionary line through infections during the last
100 million years and is still active to regulate some aspects of Our Lives
since living things need a specific order in DNA what formation process may have taken place
over the last century a number of mathematicians and physicists such as the great John Von Neumann
have been skeptical of the idea that life creation could occur through random chance
they did not believe that on its own random mutation was capable of generating
new and coherent instructions for viable organisms it is a matter of probability
let's consider Four Aces randomly shuffled if we want to draw the Ace of Hearts we
will have one chance and four of picking the right card through random selection
with 52 cards the probability of drawing the Ace of Hearts will drop to 1 in 52 but if
we want to draw all the cards of the same deck in this precise sequence the odds will drop to
one in 80 million seven hundred thousand trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion
a number to the power of 67 a figure greater than the number of all planets in the universe since
the time of the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago when attempt was made every second to pick that
sequence of cards randomly the calculation would continue today and for millions of years to come
human DNA is not 52 but 3 billion nucleotides which need to be combined
in a very specific sequence to form genes foreign
a random origin of life is simply not plausible it would be like throwing thousands of cards
expecting them to fall into specific sequences even if we started at the time of the Earth's
formation we would have the time to test only a tiny fraction of the possible combinations
let's now consider the concept of entropy entropy is the second law of thermodynamics it is the
principle that systems spontaneously evolve from a state of equilibrium to a disordered one
in nature we can observe the process of continuous loss of genetic information a
manifestation of entropy however the DNA within each cell will continuously copy
and paste itself throughout an organism's lifespan
surprisingly the cell possesses mechanisms which make decisions
and which can recognize and repair data losses in the DNA code in the lifetime of
a human being a body's DNA will be copied 10 million billion times and with minimal errors
so where is this containment process against entropy coming from
moving on to human evolution we see how primates remained almost unchanged for many
millions of years yet in a short genetic time the hominins appear to have undergone radical changes
between the species Australopithecus and Homo habilis the increase in brain capacity
is dramatic and disproportionate when measured on a genetic timeline
Donald Johansson the discoverer of the astral epithecus Lucy admits
that we still have no evidence for human ancestry prior to Homo habilis
Ian tattersall of the American Museum of Natural History in New York says that the
origin of language in symbolic capacity and Homo sapiens remains unexplained
the human genome acquires 300 new genes non-president monkeys
of these ninety percent are genes which have mutated during duplication
the origins of the other 10 percent of our genes remain a mystery
Catherine Pollard the leading researcher at the glass Institute in San Francisco discovered in
2005 a small region of 180 nucleotides responsible for our brain development
these regions showed 18 mutations within an inexplicable short time frame
it was almost unchanged for 310 million years
in our branching from our primate ancestor a process occurred called robertsonian translocation
that process consists of two ancestral chromosomes fusing to form human chromosome number two
translocations more often than not lead to pathologies because during diffusion
genes can lose parts of themselves and no longer function as they should in rare cases when they
merge into neutral areas the subject can still be healthy but will have risk in reproduction
Apes have 48 chromosomes humans 46. let us assume that one of our ancestors for a rare
case was born with 47 chromosomes and was healthy another rare case subject with 47 chromosomes
happen to be born and of the opposite sex such a double event would be extremely rare assuming it
happened the two subjects would now have to meet if this occurs they must now have intercourse and
at that point if fertilization occurs there will still be 36 possibilities of genetic combination
of which only one will lead to the embryo with 46 chromosomes
the odds of success are about 1 in 7 billion and to stabilize the
new genetic structure and number identical pairings would be needed
one side of science says that there is an overwhelming lack of evidence for a random
chromosome 2 Fusion the area where the two eight chromosomes would have merged for human chromosome
number two has an important functional feature called promoter inside a highly expressed Gene
it is not an accident of evolution
even assuming a translocation happened in the case of human Origins
a founding group of multiple subjects would have been necessary in order to stabilize the species
but since this event is extremely improbable one wonders how this event could have happened
several times in the same place on Earth and within the same subject's life spans
what is the nature of these phenomena
a number of imminent scientists have put forward the theory of an alien presence
in 2017 an anomalous Interstellar object was detected observatories tracked its movement
noting that the objects followed an unusual trajectories that crossed our solar system
Ami Loeb astrophysicist and director at Harvard's Department of astronomy put
forward the theory that the object could be a probe sent by intelligent life in the universe
Francis Crick Nobel Prize winner and co-discover of DNA argued for the theory of panspermia the
seating of our galaxy with the genetic coding for conscious intelligent life
could it explain the appearance of DNA on planet Earth
in his book life itself Craig proposed that the primordial life form may have
arrived on Earth in the ancient past sent by a more advanced civilization
significant figures in science such as Stephen Hawking Carl Sagan Mitch yukaku
and many others have put forward similar extraterrestrial hypothesis
if random mutation is indeed insufficient to explain these
events in our biological history just how my life on earth have arrived and evolved
foreign
thank you
foreign
thank you for watching the fifth kind please check out our official website at vidcon.tv where you
can sign up to receive our latest newsletters stories and select featured content that is only
available on alternative platforms if you like the music in this video check out tracksforpro.com
to find more information about using the music tracks and soundscapes for your own video projects
thanks again and we'll see you next time
foreign