hello everybody this is Zohir Chowdhury. Today we'll talk about landfill so what are the
components of solid waste stream we had introduced earlier some of the specific component of solid
waste stream in here we can see the solid waste in percent volume so 50 percent of the solid waste is
typically by volumes typically paper followed by miscellaneous components as well as organic
component and plastic and metals and glass so this is by volume if we look at by weight or by mass we
can see that for the year 2013 prior to recycling this is the distribution of the various component
of solid waste again almost one third is paper and almost one third is food enya trimmings with
the other materials in here with for a total of 254 million tons before recycling after recycling
the amount is reduced 267 million tonnes recycling and composting and but still in this 167 million
tonnes we can still see a lot of materials such as paper and paperboard ear trimmings metals
plastics wood food products that potentially could be recycled that actually is going into
the landfill so things that can be recycled to eat in here is paper glass metals and plastics there
are recyclable food waste and the our tree means they are compostable and the non recyclable and
non-compostable components are typically rubber leather and textile which are in here so this is
the component that would eventually go to the landfill and everything else should not go to
the landfill moving into the future so a strategy for proper waste management would definitely be
to figure out a way to be able to recapture all of this waste product that are either recyclable
compostable in some manner so it's usable and trying to minimize as much as possible the
usage of rubber leather and textile that are not recyclable and finding a ways and opportunities
to be able to minimize the usage or finding alternative products for meeting the purpose of
those things to lead a sustainable life landfill has a lot of problems in here in this picture you
can see this gooey substance which is known as a leachate what is the leachate leachate generally
is narrator from landfill sites and contains toxic heavy metals such as lead typically coming
from batteries cadmium arsenic nickel as well as solvents and cleaning agents this age these all
these chemicals there are typically part of the waste because of the things that we throw in the
landfill and when rain falls the rain dissolves all of these chemicals from the waste and per
college to the landfill and goes into the bottom of the landfill or if the landfill is not properly
lined can actually scatter around in areas nearby contaminating the soil and also the groundwater
landfill can also emit air pollution the major gas of concern is methane beside carbon dioxide
of course but methane and methane is coming because of anaerobic decomposition of the waste
also volatile organic compounds are emitted from from landfills which causes order issues methane
is very combustible so it's a fire hazard and also very potent greenhouse gas and the VOCs
causes respiratory irritation to people that are living nearby cost of landfill operation
are rising transportation costs to the landfill are also rising landfills are typically located
further and further away from the main city which adds to the transportation cost and because of all
the laws and regulations are associated with with disposal running and monitoring landfill also is
coming an increasing burden and expense plus there some legal liabilities as well talking about how
to build and how to be landfill the liner system of a landfill is extremely important the landfill
are lined as you can see on the bottom with multiple layer system and typically this will
prevent the waste from migrating downward as well as the leachate the leachate as it migrates
in here gets captured in this pipe system which there's a sump pump that causes that pumps the
leachate liquid up and it's further processed and stored in disposed of in a hazardous waste
landfill the top of the landfill is covered with earth and vegetation once it's all completed and
also there's a gas venting system to release the methane gas that gets come that gets produced from
the anaerobic decomposition of the waste inside the landfill here you can see another diagram
showing the landfill the lining system the math invent as well as the leachate disposal system
and cleanup system on the bottom you can see groundwater and I'm monitoring well that is also
required the monitoring well helps to continuously monitor the groundwater below the landfill to see
whether there has been some penetration of the leachate into the groundwater system as soon as
you notice chemicals coming religion from the land field you can figure out a way to quickly
clean up water or finding ways to intervene before the problem becomes gets magnified the leachate
collection system of course has to be treated and that gas collection system can be used to generate
electricity because methane gas from landfill is a natural gas and can be used to produce
electricity this man is showing the leachate on on this armed and on that side is showing a
cleaner process that cleans up the leachate so the design of landfills is extremely important
and in here you can read what we mentioned about the membrane system and finding the
proper geologic site to locate the landfill the little collection the leachate collection system
as well as anaerobic decomposition of bacteria and specific issues that can arise from from landfill
being improperly designed and this video is a short video that will also be posted with your
material you can click in here but also check your website for more further than the direct
link in San Diego County this is where I live you can find three major landfill in the Miramar
landfill the Sycamore Canyon landfill and the OMS a landfill and this is a picture of the Sycamore
Canyon landfill that's real quick concept check which of the following with material or material
mix or make up most of the land field by volume exactly paper it's the largest one whereas plastic
bottle class food waste individually they're last in the paper good job thank you and what