Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron was an English politician who sat in the House
of Commons at various times between 1614 and 1648. He was a commander in the Parliamentary
army in the English Civil War.
Early life He was born in Yorkshire the eldest son of
Ellen Aske and Thomas Fairfax, whom Charles I in 1627 created Lord Fairfax of Cameron
in the Peerage of Scotland and received a military education in the Netherlands. Two
of his brothers were Henry Fairfax and Charles Fairfax. Four others were killed on military
service overseas. Political career
He served as member of the English parliament for Boroughbridge during the six parliaments
which met between 1614 and 1629 and also during the Short Parliament of 1640. In May 1640
he succeeded his father as Lord Fairfax, but being a Scottish peer he sat in the English
House of Commons as one of the representatives of Yorkshire during the Long Parliament from
1640 until his death. He took the side of the parliament, but held moderate views and
desired to maintain the peace. His main seat was Denton Hall in Wharfedale, Yorkshire.
Military service In the first Scottish war Fairfax had commanded
a regiment in the king's army; then on the outbreak of the Civil War in 1642 he became
commander of the parliamentary forces in Yorkshire, with Newcastle as his opponent. Hostilities
began after the repudiation of a treaty of neutrality entered into by Fairfax with the
Royalists. At first Fairfax met with no success. He was driven from York, where he was besieging
the Royalists, to Selby; then in 1643 to Leeds; and after beating off an attack at that place
he was totally defeated on 30 June 1643 at the Battle of Adwalton Moor. He escaped to
Hull, which he successfully defended against Newcastle from 2 September until 11 October
1643, and by means of a brilliant sally caused the siege to be raised. Fairfax was victorious
at Selby on 11 April 1644, and joining the Scots, besieged York, after which he was present
at the Battle of Marston Moor, where he commanded the infantry and was routed. He was subsequently,
in July 1644, made Governor of York and charged with the further reduction of the county.
In December 1644 he took the town of Pontefract, but failed to secure the castle.
During his command in Yorkshire, Fairfax engaged in a paper war with Newcastle, and wrote The
Answer of Ferdinando, Lord Fairfax, to a Declaration of William, Earl of Newcastle; he also published
A Letter from . . . Lord Fairfax to . . . Robert, Earl of Essex, describing the victorious sally
at Hull. Later life
Fairfax resigned his command on the passing of the Self-denying Ordinance, but remained
a member of the Committee for the Government of Yorkshire and was appointed, on 24 July
1645, steward of the manor of Pontefract. He died from an accident which caused gangrene
in his foot on 14 March 1648 and was buried at Bolton Percy in Yorkshire.
Fairfax had married twice. By his first wife, Mary, daughter of Edmund Sheffield, he had
six daughters and two sons: Thomas, who succeeded him as the third Lord Fairfax, and Charles,
a colonel of horse, who was killed at Marston Moor.
References
Attribution This article incorporates text from a publication
now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed.. "Fairfax of Cameron, Ferdinando Fairfax,
2nd Baron". Encyclopædia Britannica. Cambridge University Press.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Firth, Charles
Harding. "Fairfax, Ferdinando". In Stephen, Leslie. Dictionary of National Biography 18.
London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 132–133.