Elon Musk reveals this Jupiter probe Esa juice Jupiter icy moons Explorer
regarding Jupiter there are a lot of fundamental questions that remain unresolved we can learn
about the evolution of planetary systems and the potential for extraterrestrial life by studying
Jupiter and comparing it to similar exoplanets there are at least 92 moons orbiting Jupiter four
of which are active planet-like worlds that range in size from somewhat less than the moon of Earth
to significantly larger than Mercury Jupiter also has a weak ring system and recently the European
Space Agency or Esa just in a probe that will further study the Jovian system and so in today's
episode let's find out more about this Mission and the reason why we need to explore Jupiter hello
everyone and welcome back to Elon Musk Evolution where we bring you the most recent news about
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any of our amazing videos NASA's main admission which will examine Jupiter's Frozen Moon Europa
and if it can Harbor conditions conducive to life has been given a 178 million dollar launch
Services contract the space agency announced on Friday Elon musk's private rocket business SpaceX
will perform the launch NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida will be the launch site for
the Europa Clipper mission in October 2024 using a falcon heavy rocket owned by Elon musk's business
space exploration Technologies Corporation according to a statement published online by NASA
the firms that might have submitted bids for the launch contract for the Europa Clipper were not
disclosed by NASA the ice covered Jovian satellite which is slightly smaller than the Earth's moon
and is a top candidate in the hunt for extra solar life will be thoroughly surveyed by the probe
researchers discovered in 2018 that a band in europa's magnetic field noticed by NASA's Galileo
probe in 1997 believed to have been brought on by a geyser erupting through the icy crust
of the Moon from a massive underlying ocean these results corroborated other Europa plume
evidence according to NASA the Clipper missions goals include taking high resolution fixtures of
Europa surface figuring out its makeup searching for evidence of geological activity measuring
the thickness of its icy shell and figuring out the depth and salinity of its ocean and
while waiting for the launch of clipper let's take a closer look at esa's Jupiter probe juice
the Earth has long been regarded as the ideal planet for Life finding liquid water the chemical
building blocks of life and an energy source are the three essential factors that must be present
in the same location at the same time in order to search for life on other worlds in the solar
system according to Lessons Learned From life on Earth in the past we believe that these could only
be located in the so-called Goldilocks zone or habitable zone a small ring that surrounds the Sun
but we were mistaken our understanding of the solar system has drastically changed as
a result of images of Jupiter's moons captured by the Voyager missions in 1979 and the Galileo
spacecraft between 1995 and 2003. they uncovered proof of liquid water far from where we imagined
it should be able to exist in the outer regions of our planet's neighborhood Europa Jupiter's
fourth largest moon is known to contain more water than the sum of all the oceans on Earth
Europa Callisto and Ganymede are three of Jupiter's icy moons that will be explored
by the Jupiter icy moons Explorer or juice a mission of the European Space Agency
Jews a single orbital spacecraft without a Lander will orbit Ganymede the largest moon in the solar
system marking the first probe to orbit a planetary Moon other than the Earth's moon
on April 14 2023 at 8 14 a.m eastern Daylight Time juice was successfully launched from Europe's
Spaceport in Kuro French Guiana but it will take over eight years to reach the largest planet in
the solar system and so we have to wait patiently Jews will examine Jupiter's environment as well
as some of its icy moons in order to Aid our understanding of the solar system as a whole as
well as gas giants throughout the universe as it is believed that moons like Europa are likely to
contain evidence of Life the missions topic is the emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants
at the end of its nominal Mission juice will switch from Jupiter to Ganymede becoming the
first spacecraft to ever Circle a moon in the outer solar system the Europa Clipper
will launch in 2024 and land on the moon for additional research in 2030. it turns out that
Jupiter which is outside the typical habitable zone of our solar system has actually developed
its own unique habitable zone driven not by the sun's warmth as sunlight at Jupiter is 30
times weaker than at Earth but rather by the effects of its extraordinarily strong gravity
the juice Mission will visit Jupiter's moons to help astrobiologists better understand how
habitable worlds have developed in the outer solar system in light of these new cooler viable choices
by investigating the Aquatic subsurface ecosystems of three of Jupiter's icy moons Ganymede Callisto
and Europa Jews will learn more about the biological effects of the interaction between
a planet and its moons Ganymede will receive a good amount of Juice's attention however
the findings it could produce from Europa in conjunction with NASA's Europa Clipper
would be extremely intriguing because it will be the first time we are able to research current
habitats that are conducive to life outside of the earth why is juice looking for water
since it dissolves nutrients and distributes molecules within the environment liquid water
is at the top of astrobiologist's list of ideal conditions for future Planetary Exploration
water is abundant on Europa which could enable a planet surface to retain and transport the
molecules necessary for life a sizable portion of europa's water is frozen resulting in an icy
coating that is brightly colored and unlike any other scenery on Earth this glacial shell which
surrounds the entire Moon and is estimated to be between 16 and 24 kilometers thick is
perched on top of a salty liquid ocean which is between 64 and 160 kilometers deep and in
close proximity to a rocky sea floor the surface of this ice is scarred by crisscrossing double
ridges and grooves of reddish brownish non-ice substance such as water combined with magnesium
sulfate and sulfuric acid identical ridges have been observed on the Greenland ice sheet and
Recent research has suggested that they may have been formed by pockets of liquid water near the
surface of the ice shell being forced upward from the submerged ocean through fissures in the ice
Europa supposedly has an ocean although we haven't yet directly observed it this is largely accepted
the magnetic field that is observed to be generated within Europa as Jupiter's strong
magnetic field sweeps through the moon as the best indirect indication that this ocean is present
the most likely object that could generate such a field is a vast ocean of salt water
likewise there is mounting evidence that water vapor plumes similar to those most
frequently connected with Enceladus one of Saturn's moons are erupting from its surface
the frosty surface also seems to be quite new or at least portions of it are it doesn't have
as many impact craters as other moons would suggest that geological activity like warmer
ice rising from an ocean underneath may be wiping the craters and preserving europas comparatively
youthful appearance like any other planetary body Europa might have a variety of activities
producing the energy required to sustain life in both concerts and in isolation since the Moon is
so far from the Sun however this life won't be sustained by photosynthesis using solar heat
but rather most likely by chemical processes taking place on the surface and in the ocean
radiation from Jupiter bombards Europa surface interacting with its icy crust
and other substances to change them into some of the chemical components of life such as free
oxygen hydrogen peroxide carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide for instance the oxygen may be
used in chemical reactions that release energy for life to utilize if it makes it to the ocean
nutrients for supporting life might potentially be produced through reactions between the salty
water in the Stony ocean floor in the same way that hydrothermal vents in Earth's oceans do
the ocean interacts with hot rocks that is emitted from the sea floor and this interaction may cause
the water to release chemical nutrients that can support life when Europa is squeezed in and out by
Jupiter's gravity a process known as tidal flexing internal heat energy from the Frozen moon is
produced this heat energy may have been sufficient to support the liquid ocean on Europa in the first
place the necessary components for Life carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen phosphorus and sulfur
must be present for Europa to be potentially habitable in addition to liquid water and energy
these will be found in the moon's icy exterior liquid interior and Rocky interior according to
Theory these were already present on the moon when it originated with additional amounts added over
billions of years by the Collision of comets and asteroids Europa doesn't appear to be a friendly
place for Life daytime temperatures hardly get above minus 160 degrees Celsius and its surface
is showered in intense radiation It is believed that any life on Europa will be restricted to the
subsurface where more protected and somewhat Clement settings might be discovered as none
of the currently known terrestrial extremophilic life forms could survive these extreme conditions
this hypothesis has been supported by research on the earth since the 1970s researchers have
found more than 370 lakes in Antarctica that are buried under several kilometers of glacial
ice many of which contain microbial life they have also found bacteria living in sandstones
in The Frigid desolate Antarctic dry valleys and thriving ecosystems near hydrothermal vents that
are located deep within the world's oceans life exists in colder darker and stranger environments
than we could have ever imagined as the Earth is demonstrated currently it is commonly believed
that the most promising source of extraterrestrial life is the liquid ocean under europa's ice crust
or the crowded areas near mineral and energy-rich deep sea vents so who knows what life on Europa
could look like obviously we assume that it will primarily or entirely consist of microbes
similar to the most extreme loving life we have discovered on Earth and settings resembling Europa
but speculating is entertaining no matter what possibly existing for billions of years the ocean
surrounding Europa has had plenty of opportunity to undergo Evolution Perhaps it is populated by
European octopuses Europa May hold a robust biosphere concealed within its aquatic depths
that supports more complex life even though it's quite unlikely we can't rule it out completely
the Intriguing thing about Europa is that the life we're talking about might be alive right now not
ancient life or life that has loans since died and left just traces of itself in the ice and minerals
who say solar-powered spacecraft will combine the power of all 10 of its science instruments when it
enters the Jovian system in July 2031 to learn more about the possibility for habitability of
Europa Callisto and cannamed steep oceans before ramping off its tour with an orbital insertion
around Ganymede its final stop juice will conduct two flybys of Europa and work in conjunction with
NASA's Europa Clipper Mission which launches in 2024 and arrives in 2030. it won't be setting
foot on Europa anytime soon so it needs to make remote observations of the surface and
do indirect sampling because it can't drill into the ice or directly sample the ocean there the
scientists from Earth May estimate how habitable the moon might be by looking for Bio signatures
and figuring out the distribution of biologically necessary elements with the aid of high resolution
mapping of the surface at various wavelengths this will allow them to determine the composition
of the ice in the non-ice reddish material the crew is also able to map the moon's subsurface
structure down to a depth of nine kilometers using ice penetrating radar likewise they might
be able to taste europa's ocean because it's plausible that some of it is seeping into space
the first direct detection of water vapor above europa's surface was made public by
NASA in November 2019. as a result it is likely that tiny water plumes are being sent into space
if the plumes are real Jews might look into the dust and other materials that are being
released if the material is coming from the ocean it might contain chemicals that are a sign of life
although juice isn't intended to search for extraterrestrial life it will Aid in determining
whether Europa is habitable it will help us better understand the ocean surface border how conducive
the environment is to life and how Dynamic the interior of Europa is geologically our list of
possibly habitable worlds is rapidly growing both inside our solar system and outside the Galaxy
thanks to Europa and the upcoming data from Jews if one day juice together with additional missions
and observations reveals that life first appeared on Europa then the universe may very well be
teeming with life we will absolutely be amazed at how wonderful and one of a kind the Earth is if we
learn that life did not develop on Europa despite all the favorable conditions Jupiter's magnetic
field which accelerates charged particles nearby causes high radiation that swiftly
deteriorates spacecraft electronics and the closer a spacecraft gets to the planet the stronger the
radiation is this makes the environment around Jupiter difficult to work in as a result juice
needs to have complex radiation Shields installed to safeguard its delicate instruments the juice
spacecraft will receive much less sunlight than satellites circling Earth since Jupiter is more
than five times further from the Sun than Earth is juices solar panels must be colossal measuring 914
square feet with each Wing designed like a cross in order to provide enough electricity to operate
the spacecraft the search for the ideal solar panel cells according to watasi took a long time
that was a huge difficulty since they needed to be able to operate in an environment with strong
radiation at low temperatures temperatures in Jupiter's orbit fall to minus 382 degrees
Fahrenheit therefore juice will have to resist freezing conditions but juice will also experience
brief exposure to intense heat when performing a flyby of Venus where temperatures can soar
as high as 482 degrees Fahrenheit what will Jews tell us about the moons of Jupiter in addition to
a comparable set of tools aboard Europa Clipper juice is equipped with 10 scientific tools that
will allow researchers to examine Jupiter's moons and their potential to support life
Juice's equipment includes cameras sensors for examining the chemical makeup of the moon's ice
cross and their surroundings magnetometers and radar for making precise maps of the
moon's surfaces and for the first time peering beneath them these observations are intended to
confirm the existence of oceans beneath the Frozen surfaces of the moons the Galileo Mission which
detected strange anomalies in the magnetic field surrounding Jupiter gave rise to the hypothesis
that these moons contain large water bodies at May Harbor life if you're able to detect
changes in the magnetic field surrounding the Frozen Moon you can explain them by the
existence of subsurface liquid that is located about 200 kilometers below the crust in order to
demonstrate the existence of these hidden oceans scientists will employ juice as an extra method
juice will use laser altimeters to measure the surfaces of Ganymede and Callisto on a
regular basis in order to shed light on how these moons forms change as they pass through Jupiter's
strong gravitational field the gravitational pulls and kicks experienced by the moon's cause tides
that are significantly more severe than those on Earth depending on the composition of the moons
these Tides can be rather pronounced because of Jupiter's gravity Watashi explained the moons
are changing shape over time the amount of height depends on what's within the moon if the Frozen
crust is floating over liquid the tides will be considerably bigger than if everything inside the
Moon is solid we can detect these elevation variations on the moon's surface over time
more proof of the existence of liquid water oceans on Europa and Ganymede come from observations made
by the Hubble Space Telescope and some of the most potent ground-based telescopes in
the world and even show the europa's atmosphere contained water vapor however there are still a
lot of unanswered concerns regarding such obscured water bodies scientists have just
a limited grasp of the magnitude of these Waters watasi said they are unsure of the
actual depths of the Seas the thickness of their ice crust and the volume of water they contain
although there is some debate among scientists as to whether Callisto has an underground ocean
juice will probably provide an answer Callisto is a bizarre world that astronomers believe may have
the oldest surface in the solar system it is the farthest from Jupiter of the four primary moons
the moon has a massive collection of craters that serve as a time capsule for its entire history
and is thought to be fully dormant scientists can investigate the history of Callisto in the
solar system as a whole with the aid of juices sensitive equipment and high resolution cameras
when Jupiter formed four billion years ago Callisto also did according to watasi Europa
is a very Dynamic surface that is only 50 million years old and is constantly
resurfacing in contrast to Callisto whose image we see is from the moment of its birth
are you curious about what is out there well let us know your thoughts in the comment box
below and that will end today's episode please make sure you subscribe and don't
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