have you ever wondered what could be inside a black hole there are lots of speculations
regarding this question but one that is getting the most popularity will give you an existential
crisis how would you react if you found out we are living inside a doing black sweetie
there's ominous music playing and there's an afghan over my head
i don't know where you're from but where i'm from that means i'm not doing okay
welcome to Factnomenal and today let's talk about are black holes cradles of new universes
by now the theory of the universe beginning as an infinitely hot and dense point called
a singularity is widely accepted among the science and astronomy communities
but our knowledge of singularities is very limited because we know only one kind of singularity in
the observable universe the black holes to make matters worse black holes are extremely greedy
they suck everything in but never give back much not even info on the universe
the absence of facts results in theories and speculations and one of the most fascinating
theories out there about black hole singularities is that they might be wombs for baby universes
it does make sense as the only thing we know coming out of a singularity is our own universe
so why expect these existing singularities to be any different we all know black holes are formed
when a massive star dies and its core collapses into itself and gravity overwhelms its existence
to the point that even light cannot escape this gravity demon for the newcomers that don't know
the structure of a black hole is the boundary that delineates that point of no return is called the
event horizon a sort of opaque wrapping that doesn't let you see the singularity itself as
matter light and energy falls into the black hole the event horizon gets bigger and bigger rapidly
at the beginning until the black hole continues to grow and then slows down to a lower rate
looking back at the big bang the universe expanded incredibly fast faster than the
speed of light during the first trillionth of a second of the existence of the universe
and then expansion cooled down over time interestingly that does sound a lot like
how black holes come into existence so is it possible that our universe is the
event horizon in some other universe's black hole do you realize what this means
i know all of this sounds very much like the endings of a men in black movie but the actual
physics behind such a conclusion is quite crazy too three-dimensional black holes in our universe
have two-dimensional event horizons that means for our universe to be an event horizon it had
to be born out of a four-dimensional black hole in a four-dimensional black universe
of course this sort of theory needs a lot of math to back itself but as we mentioned before
singularities are greedy bullies they do not like to share anything but event horizons are a little
kinder we are able to calculate what happens on the boundary of an event horizon as matter falls
into the black hole the event horizon encodes that information the black hole and the event horizon
grow in tandem so that the surface area is the exact right size to contain the information for
all of the matter that has ever fallen in since the black hole's inception all that information
could translate to everything that exists in our universe the idea that our universe is entirely
contained within a black hole provides answers to problems such as what started the big bang
how come the early rapid inflation comes to an end and what is the source of the mysterious
dark energy that is apparently causing the universe to speed up its expansion
in the mid-1960s a discovery was made that revolutionized our concept of the universe it
was a uniform omnidirectional bath of low energy radiation that appeared from everywhere in the
sky this radiation had the same temperature in all directions now determined to be 2.725 kelvin just
a few degrees above absolute zero the radiation had a practically perfect black body spectrum as
though it had a hot thermal origin and it appeared identical to within one part in thirty thousand
no matter where you looked in the sky they called this radiation initially a primeval fireball
but now it is known as the cosmic microwave background representing critical evidence that
our universe is expanding and cooling because it was hotter and denser than in the past
the farther back we extrapolate the universe the smaller more uniform and more compact things seem
to be and when we went all the way back the hot big bang appeared to approach a singularity the
same condition found at the central interiors of black holes it is a location where densities
temperatures and energies are so extreme that the laws of physics themselves break down
as our understanding of the universe has improved and polished over the last 50 or 60 years
two new discoveries have rocked the foundations of cosmology
the first was cosmic inflation that explained that instead of arising from a singularity the universe
was perhaps set up by a rapid relentless state of constant exponential expansion that preceded the
hot big bang as if there were some sort of field that provided energy inherent to space itself
causing the universe to inflate and only when inflation ended did the hot big bang begin
the second was dark energy as the universe is expanding and becoming less dense
distant galaxies start to recede from us at an accelerating rate with a much smaller magnitude
the universe is still behaving like there's some sort of energy inherent to space itself
refusing to dilute even as the expansion of space continues in every theory that we have
come up with investigating this phenomenon dark energy seems to be the culprit scientists are
convinced that dark energy is connected to the current expansion of the universe
the big bang was a black hole theory eliminates the notion of physically
impossible singularities in our universe and it draws upon two central theories in physics
first is obviously general relativity the modern theory of gravity that replaced newton's theory
according to general relativity any event in the universe occurs as a point in space and
time or space-time a massive object such as the sun distorts or curves space-time like a bowling
ball sitting on a canvas the sun's gravitational dense alters the motion of earth and the other
planets orbiting it the sun's pull of the planets appears to us as the force of gravity
the second theory is quantum mechanics and it describes the universe at the smallest scales
such as the level of the atom unlike general relativity that describes the universe
at a macro level combining the two we get the Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble theory of gravity
that not only provides a step towards quantum gravity but also leads to an
alternate picture of the universe this variation of general relativity incorporates an important
quantum property known as spin particles such as atoms and electrons possess spin
or the internal angular momentum that is analogous to a skater spinning on ice in this theory spins
and particles interact with space-time and endow it with a property called torsion
imagine space-time not as a two-dimensional canvas but as a flexible one-dimensional rod
bending the rod corresponds to curving space-time and twisting the rod corresponds to space-time
torsion if a rod is thin you can bend it but it's hard to see if it's twisted or not
the twist or space-time torsion would have only been noticeable
in the primordial black holes that were formed during the early stages of the universe
as the environment was extreme back then space torsion would manifest itself as a repulsive force
that counters the attractive gravitational force coming from space-time curvature similar to how
general relativity explains how very massive stars end up collapsing into black holes scientists have
some idea about how torsion would have played out in the earliest moments of our universe
initially the gravitational attraction from curved space would overcome torsion's repulsive forces
serving to collapse matter into smaller regions of space but eventually torsion would become very
strong and prevent the matter from compressing into a point of infinite density so the matter
would reach a state of extremely large but finite density as energy can be converted into mass
the immensely high gravitational energy in this extremely dense state would cause an intense
production of particles greatly increasing the mass inside the black hole the increasing numbers
of particles with spin would result in higher levels of space-time torsion the repulsive torsion
would stop the collapse and would create a big bounce like a compressed beach ball that snaps
outward the rapid recoil after such a big bounce could be what has led to our expanding universe
the result of this recoil matches observations of the universe's shape geometry and distribution of
mass so according to the torsion mechanism every black hole would produce a new baby
universe inside itself this is where things get interesting in quite a men in blackish way
if the torsion mechanism checks out then our universe must have borrowed its first matter from
somewhere else quite possibly from a universe that hosts the black hole which is the home of
our universe that also means just as we cannot see what is going on inside black holes in the cosmos
any observers in the parent universe could not see what is going on in ours
torsion could also be the source of dark energy that according to scientists is a mysterious
energy form that pervades all of space and also is the cause of why the universe is expanding
geometry with torsion naturally produces a cosmological constant a sort of added on outward
force that could be the simplest way to explain dark energy that is why the observed accelerating
expansion of the universe may end up being the strongest evidence for torsion furthermore torsion
could also describe the imbalance of matter and anti-matter in the universe if torsion exists
then it would cause matter to decay into familiar electrons and quarks but antimatter would decay
into dark matter and that constitutes the majority of matter in the universe despite being invisible
in short if we can prove the existence of torsion we can solve a lot of top tier mysteries of the
universe but torsion would also raise some of its own questions would that universe itself be inside
a black hole or not if yes how many layers of parent universes would we have but most
importantly how can we verify that our universe lives in a black hole tell us in the comments how
would you feel if our universe is inside a black hole and as always thanks for watching Factnomenal