Hi. It's Mr. Andersen and this AP Physics essentials video 49. It is on momentum which
is just the product of the mass of an object times its velocity. In 1895 a train was headed
towards Paris. They were a little bit behind schedule, did not apply the brakes in time
and it came shooting out through the train station. What was their problem? They had
too much momentum. And if you were to ask somebody what is momentum they will probably
come up with a pretty good definition that would fit in physics. Momentum is always going
to occur if we have an object that is in motion. And if you want to calculate it you simply
multiply the mass of the object times the velocity of the object. The greater the mass,
the greater the velocity, the greater the momentum is going to be. And so if we want
to change our momentum, what could we do? Well we could decrease the mass. We could
increase the mass. Or we could change the velocity. What is the easiest way to change
the velocity? It is to apply a net force to that object. If we apply a net force to the
right to this object, what are we going to see? We are going to see an increase in momentum
towards the right. Let's say the object is moving towards the right and we change the
net force on the object, what is going to happen? It does not happen instantaneously,
but what we will see is a change in momentum that reflects that net force. And so if we
define momentum, the equation is p=mv, where we are multiplying the mass of an object times
the velocity of the object. So if we have this cart here, 1.0 kilogram cart, and it
is moving with a velocity of 2.0 meters per second, figuring out its momentum is really
easy. You simply multiply 1.0 times 2.0 and so our momentum is going to be 2.0 kilogram
meters per second. And so if we add velocity to the right we are going to increase that
momentum. Now one thing that you need to remember is that the net force on an object is going
to affect that change in p or that change in momentum. And so let's say we have an object
like this, a cart that is at rest. It has no momentum but we apply a net force to it.
How would we do that in a physics lab? We are just going to connect it to a weight.
And so now we are going to apply a net force to the right. What is going to happen to our
momentum? It is going to increase to the right. What happens if we increase that net force?
If we double the net force on the object, what is going to happen? We are going to increase
the momentum more quickly. Let's say we triple it. We are going to see an increase in momentum
to the right. And so it is a direct relationship between the net force on an object and the
momentum on that object. But let's make it a little bit trickier. Let's say that object
is moving now towards the left, but we are applying a net force to the right. What is
going to happen? Well eventually what is going to happen, let's watch, is it is going to
slow down. And then it is going to start to accelerate to the right. And so even though
it was moving to the left, as we apply a net force to it, eventually that momentum is going
to move in the direction of the net force. Now these are pretty easy problems because
we are just looking at one dimension. But when you were growing up like me, you probably
played video games like this. And so if I turn the ship and move it in this direction
and blow up an asteroid, it is all momentum. But I would find myself playing asteroids
like this. I would be moving in one direction but I would be applying a force in another
direction. In other words my momentum is in that direction but my net force is in a totally
different direction. What is going to happen to that? Well it does not happen instantaneously,
but what is going to happen is that ship is eventually going to move in the direction
of the net force. And so did you learn to justify the data we need to collect to show
that the net force eventually impacts the change in momentum? I hope so. And I hope
this was helpful.