we're going to be going over rhythm and
repetition what exactly are they
repetition works with patterns to make
the work of art seem active it creates
unity within the art so when you repeat
elements over and over it creates unity
because you have those parts of the
artwork that sort of match with one
another like a checkerboard right you
have those squares that repeat over and
over so then it creates that sense of
unity because you have those repeating
elements that relate to one another
rhythm is created when one of our
elements of design are used to create
organized movement so it creates a mood
like music it kind of adds that extra
little oomph that repetition needs right
repetition on its own is very very
boring so you need that rhythm there in
order to make it slow in order for it to
work think of it as like the beat of a
song or repeated chords right if you
think of a song right there are elements
that repeat there are elements that
happen over and over and over but that
makes it catchy and because all of those
elements work together to create a
stable rhythm and a stable pattern that
make the song very very interesting so
you need all those extra bits in there
and the rhythm is what adds your
interest there actually isn't a lot to
say about repetition what is there is
there that's basically all the
repetition is it works with patterns to
make the work of art seem active right
that's all the repetition is however
there are different types of rhythm so
the first type of rhythm
we're gonna be talking about is random
rhythm so random rhythm appears to have
no discernible or calculated patterns if
you think about falling snow crowds of
people beach rocks etc those have like
no real discernible patterns so it
either has no discernible or exact
pattern or it's very very large and
complex the piece that we're going to be
talking about is golconda by rene
magritte if you look at the people that
he's actually painted their positioning
has no real pattern they all look
exactly the same they're all pointing in
different directions so it really is
like raining men
right that's really what we're looking
at if you kind of take a step back look
at it you can actually see a pattern if
we really zoom out that far it looks
almost hexagonal it's like you have
little triangles layered on top of each
other right but because if you look
closer it's layers upon layers of these
men going farther and farther into the
background and these layers create that
sense of randomness but it's calculated
in a much more complex way so regular
rhythm is rhythm that holds a perfect
pattern it follows the same intervals
over and over and the pattern is easy to
spot like honeycombs think of a grid or
like a picket fence a white picket fence
you have the same wooden planks that
kind of repeat over and over that's a
regular rhythm something that follows an
exact pattern it's the same thing just
over and over and over it's easy to spot
it's easy to create but it is also the
most boring the piece that we're going
to be using for this one it is actually
called entitled by donald judd done in
1967. this piece is meant to be
mechanical how it's displayed changes
based on the height of the building it
resides
depending on where this piece is
displayed you need to recalculate how
all of these squares are going to be
separated from one another they're all
made of metal it creates this perfect
regular rhythm each box is based
perfectly evenly and that's basically
how it's meant to be he wanted to create
an art piece that was like as
non-organic as possible so alternating
rhythm is when you repeat more than one
element in a pattern right so again if
we go back to a checker board it has a
one two one two pattern you go white
square black square white square black
square why is that so hard to say
that's a one two one two type color it's
basically a regular rhythm with more
complexity you added on a bit of an
extra layer of complexity onto your
regular rope so it helps break up the
monotony of what regular rhythm is but
it still has the possibility of being
boring you gotta add some extra stuff on
top of it to make it not support this is
lizards by m.c escher done in 1942. uh
so this one follows a one two three two
one type pattern right so if we start
from the white lizard it's like one two
three
two
one two three right so it kind of goes
back and forth between them depending on
how you look at it they still follow a
very very alternative pattern you can
immediately tell from just looking at it
that there is a pattern here right and
that's basically like what both
alternating and regular rhythm are you
got to be able to look at it and go oh
yeah there's a pattern i can see it
right there it's still very mechanical
but by comparison to regular rhythm it's
still a lot more interesting you added
in those bits of detail there's more to
look at flowing rhythm is rhythm caused
by following bends and curves sand is a
good example of flowing rhythm you see
all those like rolling hills the dunes
that kind of move right waves they
follow like a nice curvy pattern over
and over hills so that's what we think
when we think of flowing rhythm it's
usually found in nature and oftentimes
within graphic design it's mimicked for
a natural and comic flow or a actual
comic energy i mean you'll do that a lot
within art as well the natural slowing
benz feels very calming very relaxing
this is helix a coast number three by
hans hawkinson done in 1969. you feel
your eyes moving along or following the
movement of the sculpture it also helps
that it has like these ridges in it so
it feels almost like a staircase your
eyes are kind of following it almost
like ram's horns right your brain
automatically follows whatever curves
they're moving in right this creates
that flowing rhythm the progressive
rhythm is repeating a pattern but
changing an element bit by bit as the
pattern continues so you start with a
very very small ring and as they grow
outwards the ring starts to get slowly
bigger and bigger and bigger that's
progressively growing the pattern that's
present if we think about like shape or
form we can get larger to show
perspective or movement or if we think
of like color values some things can
grow lighter to show that they're closer
to a light source or that they're coming
closer to the main subject or getting
farther away from the main subject right
depending on where the light source
comes from when you have progressive
rhythm it's just something that is
slowly changing it could be a slow
change it could be a fast-paced change
right it's a change that happens that
shows a pattern of some kind maybe it's
a shift in mood maybe it's a shift in
area maybe it's just to show a growing
like emotion maybe it's a show you know
so and so forth maybe it's to progress
something like in a very literal sense
maybe it is literally just to progress
someone further into the piece you can
use progressive rhythm as a form of
leading lines if you drew a sidewalk
right those like little sections of
concrete that gets smaller as they go
farther into the distance right that's
progressive rhythm because they get
smaller as you go further into
perspective but it's also leading your
eyes to progress throughout the piece to
go to a single point right it helps
emphasize your main focal point this is
the back rooms this is a fountain
footage piece i'm not gonna actually
play it all for you but i can show you
certain sections in it the thing with
the back rooms this is liminal space
horror and what this video does
masterfully is it really gets the idea
of
repeated areas and repeated elements it
feels too normal if that makes sense you
have a lot of areas that progress you
further
into
whatever purgatory he's found himself at
minus the obvious like you see a lot of
these like the square lights up top and
the grades they
automatically go to certain places they
get smaller to show perspective and you
see the walls
as you get farther back some of them get
darker as you go farther away from the
lights the area itself progresses though
right and he progresses into different
areas he progresses into different
portions of this place i recommend
watching this entire video almost 10
minutes it's a good time
we're doing spooky i'm not necessarily
making it scary this is how i set up
scenes by the way if i'm not working in
a more advanced program if you this is
how i do it traditionally
[Laughter]
if you have actually watched that back
rooms video i'm thinking of like the
loading dock area which was really cool
yeah so what the perspective ruler does
is it automatically creates
lines in perspective for you if you know
where your vanishing point is going to
come from which is like really nice
yeah so what i'm doing right now is
mostly just planning out this grid
because i'm going to paint over it so
it's not going to be permanent this is a
perspective grid
what this does is you need to make sure
that these lines these ones that are
right here you have to make sure that
they're uh different lengths
right you need to make sure that the
distance between them gets progressively
bigger as you go outwards away from the
vanishing point that way
you actually create that space that
sense of space if you'd like to support
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i honestly just like to draw in the
perspective myself like the grid is nice
but i find that like if i can just work
without a grid and have it lock
immediately it's a lot easier
so i know i spent all that time doing
the perspective
but i wasn't trying to be too exact with
it
because i'm just going to get rid of
most of it anyway because it being a bit
too perfect kills the life of a painting
i find so i like to kind of disregard it
this gives them nice more natural edges
by comparison
i was in medibang to do the first sketch
then i went to csp to set up the grid
and now we're in photoshop so i can
paint this
so if you hold shift
in photoshop you can automatically have
your brush snap to the x and y axis so
it's not like you hold shift and then
you get to click somewhere to create a
line you can just create straight lines
automatically
a lot of this rendering is literally
just me like getting rid of these black
lines which i guess i could have just
done if i just got rid of the line art
that was there and just filled it in
from before but like
also i'm just also making sure that
these rectangles aren't too boring
this is taking forever it feels like
nothing's happened because it's just the
same thing over and over
this is why you need to be careful of
your repetition because too much
repetition can get really boring so you
have to like really add your rhythm in
an ambient there
is the
shadows that are caused by proximity of
eye of things rather than a light source
so if two things are close together
they're automatically not gonna be hit
by light so they're gonna cause a shadow
there he is
looks pretty good from afar
so that gives us a sense of depth
it gives us a bit of
this also increases the depth a little
bit there we go gives us a bit of the
idea that it's moving past in the
distance
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