welcome to the clinic so today I'm going to have a little look
ocular Anatomy here. Taking you on a nice guided tour of the images
External eye lacrimal apparatus. so this is to do with production
of your tears. Here's the lacrimal gland there, the lacrimal ducts just there
this is releasing the aqueous layer of the tear film
lipid coming from the meibomian glands here
the mucin layer from the cells of the conjunctiva there. together these three things form the tear
film, the three layered tear film. all right, so the tears coat the cornea and the conjunctiva
now drainage occurs through little holes here, the two ducts
the lower puncta and the upper puncta there
the tear ducts. So it's flowing and flowing through the ducts,
into this little tube here little tubes and that's known as the canaliculi
the canaliculi. Drainage continues to the lacrimal sac and down the nasolacrimal duct
right there, all right. So this is the lacrimal apparatus
lovely. let's move on to here. This is telling us a little bit about the visual field,
the cranial nerve number two, optic nerve, the fibres there, this is the retina.
Temporal retina is capturing light coming from across. Nasally this direction. Similarly here
captured by the nasal and the temple retina of the left eye captures light around region here
the light energy is captured by the photoreceptors, the rods and the cones.
It's converted to chemical energy and makes its way the visual pathway there
all right so where the optic nerves meet is known as the optic chiasm
then you have your optic tracts, the
left and the right traveling, traveling to the lateral geniculate nucleus the LGN
LGN
then you have these lovely arcuate fibres
these are the optic radiations
So you can see where things are in relation to the brain.
The optic radiations make their way to the visual cortex
located in the occipital lobe portion of the brain, the occipital lobe. That is how the fibres
send the message to the brain allowing us to see
and moving on . Anatomy of the extra ocular muscles, very important
for eye movement, six extraocular muscles
attached to the globe
in various locations. so this is the lateral rectus muscle.
This must be the left eye, that is the lateral rectus. On the opposite side as you can see there
attached to the other side of the eye is the medial rectus
medial rectus extraocular muscle, at the top here the superior rectus, the opposing muscle there
is the inferior rectus, top top side side and there we have two
more extraocular muscles this one here can go around the top, through trochlea there
is the superior oblique. that is the superior oblique. Works in a pulley
like so and then the opposing muscle to this one here
is this one here, that is inferior oblique extraocular muscle. so these muscles work
to allow us to look up, down, left, right,
diagonally
and they allow rotation of the eye,
all right. okay just in the centre here just a little bit of basic ocular anatomy.
so we're looking down on the eye taken a
slice from the eye you can see the cross sectional crystalline lens, lens nucleus
we have the sclera
the iris
ciliary body, here is the anterior chamber, the clear window is the cornea
the vitreous humour located within the hollow space of the eye here.
At the back central retinal artery, central retinal vein within the optic nerve here
you can see the blood vessels there within the retina. Three layers to the eye. Sclera,
vascular choroid and the retina itself. So a little bit about ocular anatomy there
right, over here it's just a lateral view, similar to here, a little bit nervous innovation
of the extra ocular muscles, we've got a cranial nerve three, the oculomotor
we have the trochlear, cranial nerve number four
mandibular coming down here and the ophthalmic nerve there, so that's the lateral of the
extraocular muscles and a little about the anterior eye there. And the nervous innovation
of the extraocular muscle. All right and here we've just taken a piece of the retina,
taken from a tiny portion here. As you can see here are the photoreceptors, captures light,
it gets converted to chemical energy, neural signals, and across synapses, ganglion cells,
we have amacrine cells and they all come here and travel off to
optic nerve, all the way to the optic chiasm. excellent .okay so here is an anterior view
of the orbit the eye, there is the bony orbit, this is the ocular globe
you can see some of the extra ocular muscles
there. We can see the medial rectus, lateral rectus, super rectus, inferior rectus,
inferior oblique, superior oblique there. Again you can see the lacrimal gland here
producing the aqueous layer of the tears there, and you can see the plates of the skull there
excellent so that is the ocular anatomy diagram. I'll see you again in the clinic next time