called them brutal in every sense of the word. They spread terror all over Europe. They ruled the
seas, probed its depths, and extended their control over immemorial lands. But why
they had a state, a capital, or a center. Their era is one of the most mysterious eras
bloody in history. Until the scholars were unable to separate their facts about whether
their legends. Who are the Vikings? How did they build their great ships? What is their relationship
Islam and Muslims? What is the secret of their greatest disappearance? the whole story?
Vikings settled in northern Europe in the Scandinavian countries
specifically? Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Iceland? The
Vikings to the sense of men of the north? They are Norse Germanic peoples who ruled
between the eighth and eleventh centuries. And he linked the term Norman
The term Scandinavian, which is a synonym for the word pirate. But it was
meaning at the time the highest piracy, which is what the Vikings were most famous for.
their group divided into three branches, the dynamites, who invaded,
Swedes, who crossed the Baltic Sea and penetrated into Russia. And the Norwegians
who occupied the lands of eastern England and Ireland. Those who conquered
south of Andalusia, northern Morocco and southern Italy, and they attacked Constantinople.
lived in small groups in the north, and each group was ruled by a master or king.
In Norway, they founded thirty kingdoms. Their kingdoms were distinguished by being scattered, the
. Separated by large terrain such as mountains and plateaus. It was
isolated communities from one another. The nobles and masters were divided into three classes
. Including the wealthy Vikings and their kings. The second class is the
began , including farmers, craftsmen and merchants. As for the class
third and last being the slave class, who were born as slaves or
prisoners of war. Famous Vikings that they were farmers and traders in Mawsa
summer and fierce warriors and dangerous invaders in the winter also known
concept of honor in combat and in the criminal justice system. The era of the free class
as a brutal massacre. In the year seven hundred and ninety-three, the Vikings star shone with the
with their warriors committing a brutal, bloody massacre. After a hundred
Vikings, led by one of their warriors known as Ragnar Loth Brook , attacked
island in a northeastern kingdom, and that was their first exit from their areas,
and their first intrusion into the sea. There the Vikings destroyed churches and monasteries in the
committed brutal massacres. The most famous of them are those that took place in a monastery that was killed
died, and they abused them with every atrocity and crucified their greatest monk. I have been
description of the poet and theologian poured out this massacre by saying. Never before have we seen
this terrorism in Britain, as we are now suffering from paganism. The
the savages blood of the saints around the altar and dragged the bodies of the saints into a temple and
Lord like dung in the streets. The massacres of the Vikings followed after that, as it
this island massacre, an image that was firmly rooted in the belief that the world set out
ended at the borders of the sea. And after these conquests, from which they gained booty from an
gold, silver, women and slaves, and they decided to expand more and earn more money.
across the sea to expand towards England and Ireland and crossed a river
industry towards France, they besieged and looted Paris. What prompted the kings of the French
to escape from the country. Because of his skill in riding the sea and China's
ships, they reached areas that no one had reached before them. It says
Scandinavian countries, they were the first to discover America even before Christopher did
Columbus. As I found traces of ships that were considered evidence of the arrival of the Vikings,
to America. The influence of the Vikings extended to all the English kingdoms.
used the sub-river networks in which they mastered sailing.
lives, and they reached Ukraine, Iceland and Greenland. Their conquests also reached and
Andalusia. integrated communities. As we mentioned before societies have
of agriculture and trade. They were also famous for their skill in riding
and shipbuilding. With which they have a distinctive story that we will learn about, they
together. They were also famous for their fanaticism. They were killing all of the
who believed in other than their faith or worshiped other than their gods. Which has always pushed them
attacked the cannabis only monasteries. Dozens of Vikings also lost their
gods, male and female. The most famous of them is the god Taurus, a god associated with
thunder, lightning, and hurricanes. In addition to protecting humans and fertility. Also
worshiped the great goddess Odin with multiple specialties. He is the Vikings' god
wisdom, war, death and hunting. They also believed that the monks of the Vikings
From him in war or while he is defending his people, he will go to heaven. Heaven
for the Vikings is Val Halla, which is a hall or palace in the other world.
that the god Odin lives in it, and whoever dies of the Vikings warriors. So is
their religion was following the structure and hierarchy. They did not believe in the book of the
one. They even transmitted their religion orally and did not practice their religious rituals in temples.
in the orchards and on the banks of rivers. Legendary ships. The most famous thing in which the Vikings
History The Vikings lost their ships and swords. The Viking ships formed a heart that
their civilization. Their shipbuilding also changed the course of European history.
excelled in building polished ships in addition to small fishing boats and
bulky cargo ships. As well as very fast long ships that
the secrets of their victories in their raid. Their ships were narrow shaped
and it is relatively low. What gave it a high ability to adapt
for use in both oceans and rivers. And what is most famous for their
in this area their invention of the crossbar. It is a structural package extending from the bow a
to the rear. Installed under the ship. Where this feature increased
speed and stability of ships. It was without lateral moves or
vibrations. It allowed them, with the presence of the sail and the mast, to go out in
their long voyages across the North Atlantic. It was their boats that changed
revolution in design and a technological miracle far ahead of their times.
They use about twenty huge oak trees to make each one of them.
The ship is painted with a water-repellent mixture made of sea tar
drenched in animal hair or wool or algae. In the end, a ship was produced,
long, high speeds. Unrivaled flexibility. And they distinguished their ships
adding the heads of dragons carved on the bow at the front of the ship. Which
according to their belief, that protected their ships and expelled evil spirits around them.
and their ships were famous for their square, red-striped sails. And on
Over the course of three centuries, the Europeans, if they spotted the dragon and the sail, were
billows sea creep horror and fear in their hearts. Also, their ships are the task of
. They are burials for their dead, they believed that it would take them to a world that
dead. They buried all his clothes and belongings with those who died,
And even his dogs and a slave at times and then burn their ship
in the water. Women have a high position. In an era when women were suffering from the
two things in developed societies in Europe. Women enjoyed a people
Vikings with great esteem and many rights. As they were entitled to participate
men in governance. And some of them were guardians of the keys to property and wealth
tribe. Women trained in fighting also take over the ruling during the
military campaigns may occur . Although many of them were forced into marriage,
age of twelve, but they have the right to ask for divorce. Once the
that the wife who wanted to separate from her husband would bring two witnesses to
ill-treatment of her, or his laziness, or even because of the abundance of his chest hair, she is given her freedom
it. Women also had spiritual roles in society. For example,
Riga, the goddess of marriage, beauty and gold, they were not just brutal warriors. No
Vikings were just brutal warriors. But most of them worked in
agriculture, livestock and fishing. In addition to their skill in
of shipbuilding. Also, slave trade flourished in their societies, or from the
they were called slaves of peace. As they were driving men, women and children
Of the countries they invade and sell them into slavery, as for their language,
is mentioned is one of the forms of the Old Norse language, which consists of the
sixteen letters drawn in straight lines. This is the main language
in the emergence of modern languages ​​in Sweden, Denmark and Norway
Iceland. Vikings and Islam. Vikings fought many battles with the
Muslims in Andalusia, which the Vikings stormed, with fifty-four
big ship loaded with thousands of fighters. And helped in their conquest of
Lisbon in Andalusia, a small priest named Albonso. Known for his extreme hatred of Islamic rule
. He helped and guide them to the gaps in the city and its details. Thanks to him, they entered
city, and they abused it, then left it after thirteen days, and it is said that it is forty,
days. Normans also clashed with Muslims in the Battle of Tablada in
decisive. In the era of the Umayyad Caliph Abd ibn al-Hakam. The battle took place in
village of Toledo, west of Seville. As the Muslims encountered the Vikings led by
Muhammad bin Rostom and Abdullah bin Kulaib. They killed about a thousand fighters, including them
their leader burned thirty ships for them, in addition to their families of dozens. On the
the Abbasid era. The relations of the Vikings and Andalusians witnessed a kind of
calm tribes . As the movement of trade among them stimulated trade by barter system,
Kalfur, honey, leather, ivory, fish and others. The Vikings were the
buying silver in large quantities, they bring it to Scandinavia.
which was confirmed by recent research, that prospectors found Arabic coins
hidden in areas of Ireland and northern England. Also from the documents,
rare historical relationship between the Islamic world and the Vikings.
Islamic traveler Ahmed bin Fadlan has lost . Who documented his trips to other countries
Vikings. It has been translated into dozens of languages. Ibn Fadlan went with a special mission from
the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir was in God. In the year 2000, researchers also found a
fifteenth, the remains of a Viking woman with a silver ring inscribed on
it the word of God in Kufic script. But scholars were not sure whether the
a purebred Scandinavian woman, the mother of war booty. As well as excavators found the year
two thousand and seventeen clothes woven with patterns similar to the patterns of the
Vikings. The words of God and Ali were engraved on it. What was considered important evidence
over the arrival of Islam to the Scandinavian countries at that time. The most severe
The mysterious secrets of the Vikings is their sudden disappearance, which has baffled science
to this day. As their era ended suddenly after their loss in their last invasion, the
Battle of Stanford Bridge in England. It was led by the Norwegian king, the
Hard III. While historians see that their era ended in countries in the
Scandinavians, after establishing the ruling authority in these countries and approving
Christianity as its main religion. Where he embraced it and with time they adapted to the
their rules and state systems, gradually joined the dominant societies.
also. Some historians estimate that their end was at the end of the century,
eleventh in the three Scandinavian countries after a battle
year thirty thousand with the loss of Olaf Harlatson's army, which ended the Viking era
with death. In general, the end of the era of the Vikings was ambiguous. The
suddenly disappeared and did not remind them of the end, which made finding more accurate details by
them as something difficult for historians? It is also difficult for them to separate
had reached , and the common legends that swirled
around them. But the confirmed fact is that the Vikings were the kings of the seas
And her monsters who spread terror. They discovered continents that no known historical facts about them
before them. What do you think of the Vikings? Do you know famous legends about them that did not respond to
in this video?