In this video, we will look at the distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroup F.
The first modern humans to leave Africa were those with the Y-chromosome haplogroup CF.
In the last video,
we learned about the migration path of Haplogroup C among the descendants of CF.
This time,
we will look at the migration path of the descendants of Haplogroup F,
another descendant of CF.
The earliest appearance of group F is 65900 years ago.
TMRCA,
representing the time to most recent common ancestor,
is 48800 years ago.
Their main habitation is believed to be South or Southwest Asia.
The pink dot is the point where the ancient remains carrying the F gene were found.
The haplogroups derived from F include Para F,
F1, F2, F3, and Y27277,
which has not yet been classified.
And G H I J K is a mega haplogroup derived from F.
The F para group is also called F-M89.
Paragroup refers to genes that have not yet been marked with a marker.
Currently, the para group of F is observed in about 10% of males in South India.
8% is observed in Central India.
In Pakistan,
the frequency is about 5%.
Sri Lanka is around 10%.
It occurs in about 2% of the Tamang people of Nepal.
In addition,
the F para group can be found with a low frequency in Sulawesi and Lembata in Indonesia,
and also in Borneo and Java.
In 2011,
11.6% F para group was found in Han Chinese in Yeonnam, China.
It is found in 2.3% of men in Bandari from Hormozgan, Iran.
Ancient remains,
believed to have lived 45,930-42,580 years ago,
have also been found in the Bacho Kiro Caves in Bulgaria.
At the beginning of Aurignacian culture,
a group with the F gene had already entered Europe.
The people who created the Aurignacian culture mainly carried the C gene.
The F1 gene with the P-91 mutation is the most common group in Sri Lanka.
The F2 group is partially found in Yi peoples living in Yunnan,
Guizhou,
Thailand, Burma, and Vietnam.
Haplogroup F is the most recent common ancestor of Europeans and Asians.
Another direct descendant of F,
the haplogroup G H I J K
is thought to have formed in West Asia 48850 years ago.
You can check the entire Y-DNA Path by clicking the card at the top right.
The letter moving along the arrow is the representative single nucleotide polymorphism of the haplogroup.
It reads snip, meaning mutation.
In this video,
the position above the G H I J K has been modified to improve accuracy.
It has not been found in any living male or ancient remains.
However, subclades of this gene are widespread in Caucasus,
Middle East, South Asia, Europe, South East Asia, Pacific Islands and Native Americans.
G H I J K is the major clade of Haplogroup F.
This haplogroup and its subclades contain the vast majority of the world's existing male population.
It branches subsequently into two direct descendants:
Haplogroup G and Haplogroup HIJK.
G is also known as G-M201.
At the level of national populations,
G-M201 is most commonly found in Georgia.
it is found at even higher levels among many other regional and minority populations in the Caucasus.
Subclades of GHIJK,
under the HIJK lineage,
include: H and IJK .
The downstream descendants of Haplogroup IJK include the major haplogroups I,
J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S and T.
In the next video,
we will take a closer look at the distribution and movement path of these sublades.
Thank you for watching till the end.
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