STEPHANIE WONG: With almost 500 sessions on Next 2019,
it's understandable that you couldn't get to them all.
So if you didn't see the high performance network,
then stay tuned because here's the rewind.
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It's no surprise that Google serves billions
of search query answers and hours of YouTube videos
to users all over the world.
But what really powers this ability
is the network that allows us to replicate
content and services globally.
And it's also the network that powers Google Cloud.
The big question is how we built the underlying physical
and operating aspects of this network
to build for resilience.
Let's first talk about our global physical network.
Over the last 20 years, Google has
built an extensive network connecting continents
using submarine cables.
In fact, one of our new undersea cables
between Sydney and Singapore has cut network latency in half.
Planning and building our own submarine cables
means we can build a level of path certainty
and predictability of network traffic performance.
These paths are private, and Google implements this
through our consortium of partners.
This means that Google Cloud customers
are able to connect to this network at locations
all over the world.
How do we plan for resilience?
We do extensive simulations when deciding to add new network
capacity and make sure it's not affecting
our SLOs in a negative way.
We use trended historical data on outages,
and then classify different failure types
across the entire network path, and run them
for a fictional 20, 30, 40, 50 years across a range of network
paths.
This gives us a reasonably high degree of certainty
that the network we choose and the additional capacity
locations and paths we add will increase
the resilience and the predictability
that we care so much about.
These simulations mean we can be sure we
are avoiding any negative impact for Google Cloud customers.
How do we operate in a resilient manner?
We've been operating a software defined network
across our core data center network.
We're now extending that out to the very edge
with the announcement of Espresso a couple of years ago.
This enables us to maintain a level of performance
and availability right out to the edge, which
isn't possible using regular routing protocols
and approaches.
At the Edge Network, we can connect
with nearly all significant network operators, which
allows handoff of network traffic directly
and reliably to 99% of our traffic.
We also have network site reliability teams
stationed around the world.
Their role is to respond and adapt to network events
to improve systems and processes so reliability
and performance of network continues to improve over time.
When an issue occurs, they identify root causes
and implement new workarounds.
In other words, they're here as first responders
to make sure Google Cloud customers have
a consistent and reliable experience.
Now, there's always a risk of bad actors or network exposure.
Google is continually enhancing our own monitoring
and filtering capabilities to get quicker and better.
Because this is a community-wide issue,
we have a new partnership with MANRS,
which is a Mutually Agreed Norms for Routing Security, where
we are working to enhance the security of routing
on the internet.
If you're wondering about how Google designed
its strong network backbone, we've
built a software defined network from the ground up.
Our first iteration was B4, a massive backbone between all
of our data centers.
We then introduced Jupiter, which is our massive switching
fabric that goes within our data centers
and makes tens of thousands of machines
act together as one big system.
Andromeda, the network software defined at the virtualization
layer that Google Cloud customers use
to build Cloud resources and Espresso are taking SDN
capabilities out to the edge.
All of these components have helped us scale and deliver
traffic for Google products, like Search and YouTube.
And these are the same building blocks that Google Cloud
customers get to use too.
Now, there is a ton more they cover
in the talks about the protocols we
use to improve performance, our global load
balancer, virtual private cloud, and logging and monitoring.
So check out the full talk in the link in the description
below.
And don't forget to subscribe to the Cloud YouTube
channel for more great Next Rewind content.
Thanks for watching.
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