That’s a tricky riddle, Squeaks.
Can you help me with it?
What animal goes by seven different names over its life … changes color from stripey
to silver to red ... lives in the river and the ocean and … what was the last clue,
Squeaks?
Oh yeah, and is an AWESOME parent.
Hmmm … oh!
Is it a salmon?
That’s a good riddle, Squeaks!
Salmon are amazing animals, and they have one of the coolest life cycles — the changes
they go through as they grow up and live their lives.
You know how you were a baby once, and now you’re a kid, and someday you’ll be a
teenager, and then you’ll be a grown-up?
Well, salmon go by seven different names over their lives because there are seven different
stages of their life cycle.
Like all fish, they start out as eggs.
That’s the first thing they’re called — an egg.
In the fall, an adult female salmon lays her eggs.
Salmon usually like to lay their eggs in moving water, like in a river or stream.
The eggs stay in their safe little spot in the river all winter, and in the spring they
hatch!
At this stage, the baby fish are still attached to the yolks of their eggs for food and nutrients.
This is when they get their second name: alevins.
There are lots of different species of salmon, so depending on which kind of salmon they
are, the alevins spend a few weeks or a few months close to where they hatched until they
grow big enough to move onto the next stage of their life.
In a third stage of a salmon’s life, it’s called a fry.
Now it’s ready to eat real food and swim!
The fry go on little adventures away from their nest, but they don’t go very far — they
stick to the stream they were born in.
By the end of the summer, fry grow into the fourth stage, when they’re called parr.
Parr are kind of like teenager salmon — almost grown up, but not quite.
Parr are still really small, but they’re getting bigger.
They swim around their home stream and develop a special design on their scales to help them
blend in and stay safe from other animals that might try to eat them.
The parr continue to grow, and when they’re ready to migrate away from their childhood
home, they lose that special pattern on their scales and become smolts.
Now they’re in the fifth stage of their lives!
This is when the young salmon leave their streams and head for bigger waters like rivers
and lakes.
Depending on where they are, the follow the rivers all the way downstream to either the
Pacific Ocean or the Atlantic Ocean.
Most salmon are born high in mountain streams, so it takes them a long time to get to the
ocean!
When the smolts start their journey, they still look a lot like parr, but by the time
they get to the water that joins the ocean, they’re big and silver to blend into their
new surroundings.
Now they get their sixth name of their life: they’re adults!
All different species of salmon live together in the ocean in big groups called schools.
And they can live there for a really long time — for up to 8 years!
After they’ve lived their whole adult life in the ocean, something really amazing happens.
It’s time for the salmon to have babies.
This is when salmon enter their final stage of life, when they’re known as spawning
adults.
Spawning means they’re about to lay or fertilize eggs.
But do you remember what we said earlier, about where salmon eggs hatch?
That’s right!
Salmon are born in mountain streams!
So how do the adult salmon living in the ocean lay their eggs all the way at the tops of
mountain streams?
This is why Squeaks gave us the clue that salmon are amazing parents.
When salmon are ready to have babies, they remember where they were born and make the
same long journey they made when they were smolts, only this time they do it backwards!
The adult salmon leave the ocean and swim back /up/ the rivers.
They swim for hundreds of kilometers against the current of the river.
They have to jump over waterfalls and sometimes dams.
It’s a really tough trip!
This is when the salmon can change from silver to red, and some kinds of male salmon even
change shape.
Some of them develop lower jaws that stick out like hooks and a big hump on their backs.
After all these changes and years swimming in big rivers, and then oceans, and then rivers
again, spawning salmon return to the exact same stream where they were born to lay and
fertilize their eggs.
And then the cycle of the salmon life starts all over again.
After the spawning salmon lay their eggs in the fall, the eggs will hatch in the spring
with new baby alevins!
That was a great riddle, Squeaks.
Salmon are SO interesting to learn about!
Do you have a riddle for us, or is there an animal’s life cycle that you want to learn
more about?
Grab a grown up and let us know in the comments below!
Or email us at kids@scishow.com.