Hello again and welcome back to our course on PSE 15.
It’s now time to start to look at Layers.
If you’ve used layers before in a relatively recent version of PSE you can probably skip
this and the next few sections, although one section, the section on Layer Grouping and
Color Coding, does include some new features which have been introduced in PSE 15.
So you may want to check out that section in particular.
I have mentioned layers a few times.
In fact we’ve used them once or twice.
I mentioned I was using them once or twice.
We used them perhaps without you realizing it.
Learning about layers and how to use them can greatly expand your capabilities with
PSE.
And if eventually you’re going to become a user of full Photoshop learning about layers
is a really essential part of getting to grips with Photoshop and being able to use its full
power.
In this and the next couple of sections I’m going to cover the basics of layers.
There’s quite a lot to learn.
And then we’ll look at some more specialized features in a couple of sections after that.
There’s quite a lot more to do in the Editor in later sections of the course and quite
a few of those things are going to use layers.
So this and the next few sections are really important.
The first thing to do then is to take a look at the Layers panel.
So I’m going to click on Layers and up comes the Layers panel.
Each layer will be one sort of tile on the right hand side here.
And at the moment I have a single layer.
Its name is Background.
Generally speaking every image has a background layer.
And for a photographic image this starts out as the photo itself.
In this case I’ve opened a JPG and what’s in that JPG basically is what’s in my background
layer.
When you work on an image in PSE, particularly when you’re working in Expert Mode but in
other situations as well what tends to happen is that you build up layers.
And when you’re looking at the image you’re sort of looking down from the top of a pile
of layers.
At the moment this only has one layer so we’re looking at the background layer.
And the background layer is visible.
There’s a little eye symbol there and that indicates that that layer is visible.
Now when I start working on an image and particularly if I’m doing something that requires the
use of layers the first thing I do, usually, is to make a safe keeping copy of the background
layer so that if I accidentally damage it I can always go back to the original.
Let me right click on the background layer and one of the options is Duplicate layer.
When I do that I get by default a layer called Background Copy.
I’m going to click on OK and my background copy layer is now part of my image.
My image now comprises two layers.
When I’m looking at this image I’m looking at it down from the top through the layers.
And at the moment what I can see is the Background Copy layer.
It is currently 100% opaque.
If I made it less than 100% opaque I would see through it to some extent.
But in seeing through it I would only see the background.
So it would make no visible difference to what I could see.
However if I make the background invisible by clicking on the Layer Visibility icon there
and now go to the Background Copy layer and reduce the opacity I start to make that layer
semitransparent.
In fact now you can barely see the ponies in that layer.
So opacity is a very important property of a layer and visibility is a very important
property of a layer as well.
What I’m going to do now is add an additional layer but I’m going to do this in what you
might call an indirect way because I’m going to put some text onto the image.
So I’m going to go over to the toolbox and select the Horizontal Type tool.
I’m going to choose a bold font and 100 point size, nice dark color.
I’m going to click in the sky and I’m going to type some text to appear in my image.
I’m going to commit that text, then I’m going to move the textbox into position.
Automatically when you add text, and I did mention this earlier on in the course, you
get an additional layer.
It’s a text layer.
Note the icon there indicates text layer.
And in this case we can see the text itself is displayed on the layer.
So I’ve now got three layers.
Exmoor Ponies, Background Copy, and the original background layer.
Now one thing I’m going to do at this point is to make the original background layer invisible
again.
That doesn’t make any different to what I see in the image because of course the Background
Copy layer is still visible and still 100% opaque.
At any time the panel that I’m working on is highlighted in the Layers panel.
So at the moment Background Copy is highlighted.
Let me adjust the opacity of Background Copy now and watch what happens in the image.
I’m just going to make it a bit less opaque.
And what you have is that the Exmoor Ponies layer is still 100% opaque whereas the image
with the ponies on it is just 74% in fact.
Whereas if I put that back to 100, then select the Exmoor Ponies layer and reduce the opacity
on that obviously the text itself will start to fade rather than the ponies.
The other important point to bear in mind here is that thinking in terms of looking
down from the top through these layers.
If I wanted to change the sequence of the layers, so for instance I wanted to put Background
Copy at the top I could click and drag it up and it’s now the top layer.
Because it is if you like full of image I can no longer see the text.
The text is basically behind the image and therefore can’t be seen.
Whereas the text layer, let me put it back at the top again, only contains that text
and everything else in that layer is transparent.
What I’m going to do now is to add another new layer.
This time what I’m going to do is to select the Background Copy layer and then I’m going
to use one of the buttons right at the top of the Layers panel, not the left one which
is Create a New Layer, but the third one along, Create New Fill or Adjustment Layer.
I’m going to click on that and the sort of adjustment layer I’m going to use is
a Hue Saturation Layer.
Note that it appears above the selected layer.
So it’s the second one from the top now.
And what I’m going to do here is to increase the hue.
So I’m going to slide hue to the right.
Look carefully as I do that at the image.
Now you notice how with that very high value of hue my image is significantly changed.
But one very important point about this is that the words Exmoor Ponies are not affected
by that change.
Let me slide it the other way.
Look at the words and you’ll see that the words themselves are not affected by any change.
That is because an adjustment layer affects only the layer or layers beneath it.
Let me close this dialog.
I’m going to leave that layer there.
But what I’m going to do is to move that hue saturation layer to the top of the list
of layers.
What happens now is that it is affecting both the text layer and the background copy layer.
If I want to adjust that again, if I right click one of the options is Edit Adjustment.
And at the bottom of this little dialog there’s a tiny little checkbox there.
Now what that little setting means is that this adjustment affects all layers below.
If I want to restrict it to only the layer immediately beneath it, if I check that little
box it now only affects the text layer.
Let me adjust the hue again.
You should just be able to see now as I move that hue setting across that the text is changing
but the image isn’t.
Now that process of selecting which layers are affected by an adjustment layer and that
clipping tool that was mentioned there is a subject we’re going to come back to a
little bit later on.
But as you can see with an adjustment layer you can decide which layers below it are affected
by the adjustment.
In addition if I didn’t want this adjustment affect at all, all I do is uncheck its visibility
and then it doesn’t have any effect on any of the other layers at all.
And if I move across there you can see that the text is no longer being affected by that
adjustment.
Finally in this section what I want to do now is to save my work in such a way that
I can carry on working on this image again later.
As I mentioned earlier on in the course if I want to save the individual layers in this
image I need to save it in PSD format, Photoshop Format.
If I save this in one of the standard graphic formats such as JPG I can save it in such
a way that the image will look exactly the same as it looks now but I will no longer
have the separate layers.
So if I save this in JPG format I still have the picture looking just that way but when
I open that JPG again I’d only have a single layer with in effect all of the content and
effects of currently four layers all flattened into one layer and I’d have to start from
that point.
I wouldn’t be able to separate out the text for Exmoor Ponies from everything else or
that hue saturation adjustment layer from everything else.
If I want to be able to work on the layers separately I need to save this in PSD format.
So what I’m going to do now is to save this in the Course Files folder as a PSD format
file and I’ll carry on working on it again in the next section.
Note PSD format by default.
I’m not going to include it in the Elements Organizer at the moment but I am going to
preserve the layers.
I’ve got Course Files selected, click on Save.
I can now close the image in the usual way and I’ll see you
in the next section.