"Inhibiting Platelet Activation with Garlic and Onions"
As we age, our arteries stiffen.
These are measurements of the stiffness of our aorta,
the main artery coming off the heart, as we get older and older.
As our aorta stiffens it leads to a range of pathological changes
such as exposing our brain and kidneys to greater pressure fluctuations,
which may increase the risk of stroke and an impairment of kidney function.
Those who consume garlic, though, just less than a quarter teaspoon
of garlic powder a day, appear to have less stiffness in their aortas.
We think this is because garlic seems to improve the function
of the inner lining of our arteries, which helps our arteries relax.
But the protective mechanisms of garlic against cardiovascular diseases
are multiple, and include a combination of anti-clotting, clot-busting,
antioxidant, and blood pressure and cholesterol lowering effects.
The latest review suggests a long-term garlic intake may drop
bad cholesterol levels about 10%, but the blood thinning effects are such
that the American Society of Anesthesiology recommends
garlic intake be stopped a week before elective surgery.
Or, presumably, you could just cook it to death.
Unlike the anticlotting components
concentrated in the yellow fluid around tomato seeds, which are heat stable,
the antiplatelet activity in garlic and onions is lost with cooking.
Here's the platelet inhibition of raw garlic compared to boiled garlic,
which was down around raw onion.
So garlic appears to be about 13 times more potent than onion,
and eating garlic raw appears to be better than cooked,
suggesting that garlic and onions could be
more potent inhibitors of blood clotting
if consumed in raw rather than in cooked or boiled form.
So right before surgery it might be good to cook garlic,
but what about the rest of the time when we're trying to suppress
platelet over-activity to decrease the risk of heart attacks and stroke?
As garlic and onion are normally consumed in cooked form,
their efficacy as preventive herbs in cardiovascular disease may be in doubt.
But, look, we can put the raw onion on our salads,
or put raw garlic in salsa or dressings or dips or pesto.
Or we can crush or chop it, wait ten minutes and then cook it.
Here's the platelet inhibiting power of raw garlic, and if you cook it just a few
minutes it does fine, but after like five minutes the benefit is abolished.
But if you pre-crush and wait,
some of the antiplatelet activity is retained a bit longer.
That's because the enzyme that makes the antiplatelet compounds is activated
by crushing, but destroyed by heat faster than the compounds it creates.
So by crushing first and letting the enzyme work its magic before cooking
one can delay the loss of function.
Even better though, just like we can add broccoli enzymes
in the form of raw radish or mustard powder to boost the benefits of broccoli,
the addition of a little raw garlic juice to cooked garlic
can restore the full complement of antiplatelet activity
that was completely lost without the raw garlic addition. When onions are
cooked, the antiplatelet activity is similarly abolished within ten minutes.
But then something strange happens. After 20 or 30 minutes of cooking,
the effect on platelets is reversed and appears to make matters worse.
Significant pro-platelet activation effects, suggesting that
extensively cooked onions may stimulate rather than inhibit platelets.
This was in a test tube, though. Thankfully, when tested in people,
even when onions are dropped in boiling water, fried for ten minutes,
and then left to simmer for 30, platelet activation drops
within an hour and three hours after onion soup ingestion.