It’s no secret. We have got a trash problem. Every year, we produce about 300 million
metric tons of plastic globally. These plastics can end up in rivers, oceans, and eventually
our food chain. But a group called The Ocean Cleanup says that their new suite of technologies
can help address this growing problem. When a piece of plastic finds its way into
the ocean, exposure to sunlight and the elements work to break it down into smaller and smaller
fragments. Marine animals often mistake plastic trash for food, which can lead to malnutrition
and a potential build-up of toxic chemicals in their bodies. And since humans are a part
of the food chain, plastics find their way into us, too.
With all this in mind, The Ocean Cleanup team set about tackling the world’s largest accumulation
zone: The Pacific trash vortex, or proverbially known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch,
It's an area in the ocean that’s bounded by the massive North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
and about three times the size of France, containing more than 1.8 trillion pieces of
plastic. Here’s how The Ocean Cleanup’s system
works. A 160 meter floater gives the system buoyancy, while an attached extended cork
line floats above a 3 meter deep netted skirt. The skirt is long enough to catch plastic,
but short enough for marine creatures to swim beneath. It’s deeper in the center, so that
the current’s pressure pushes the system into a U-shape, funneling plastic into the
net. A parachute at the back drags in the water to control speed, and the whole system
is equipped with GPS to monitor its location. This October, after a year of system testing
and several setbacks along the way—including a snapped floater—the Ocean Cleanup team
has announced that its plastic collecting system is working.
Despite this recent success, the team has faced its fair share of criticism, as some
experts believe that the device could pose harm to marine life, and particularly neuston,
which exclusively live on the ocean surface. But perhaps the biggest
criticism launched against The Ocean Cleanup has been from those who say that building
an expensive structure far from shore ignores the more practical and cost-effective measures
that are already in existence, like volunteer beach cleanups and waterway technologies like
Baltimore’s Mr. Trash Wheel, which can stop plastic before it reaches the ocean.
It looks like The Ocean Cleanup team took these criticisms seriously, because while
they were busy iterating the design of their offshore ocean cleanup system, they were also
working on a super-secret side project. At a press conference last week, they unveiled
The Interceptor— a system designed to capture plastic closer to shore. More specifically,
at the mouth of rivers. To help focus their efforts on the most-polluting
rivers first, the Ocean Cleanup team set about to measure exactly how much plastic is flowing
out of our rivers and entering the ocean. Based on this research, they found that just
1% of the world’s rivers —or 1,000 out of 100,000—are responsible for roughly 80%
of the ocean’s garbage, with small urban rivers contributing the most to pollution.
They made it their goal to tackle all 1,000 of these rivers by 2025.
To catch the waste, the Interceptor is anchored into the riverbed at a strategic location
where plastic is concentrated and boats have enough room to pass. Plastic waste is guided
by the floating barrier into the mouth of the Interceptor, which the river current helps
push onto a conveyor belt. As the debris moves across the belt, it’s separated from the
water and delivered to the shuttle, which distributes the trash into one of six dumpsters.
Sensors detect when the dumpsters are full, at which point a text is automatically sent
to local operators saying that, ahem, “it is time to take out your trash”. The trash is
then carted off to waste management for processing. At peak performance, this solar-powered device
can extract more than 100,000 kilograms of trash per day. The comparative cost between
this and other cleanup efforts is not yet known, though The Ocean Cleanup says
the Interceptors are ultimately cheaper than deploying nothing at all.
And their Interceptors are already hard at work, cleaning up waterways in Jakarta, Indonesia,
and Malaysia's Klang River. The group is also preparing to deploy two more systems in Vietnam’s
Mekong Delta and Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic, a place you may remember from last
year’s viral videos showing giant waves of plastic garbage after heavy rains. Thailand
and LA County are also in talks with the group. But to see how much plastic The Ocean Cleanup
is able to keep from reaching our oceans, we’ll first need to see how effective the
initial Interceptors actually are. To reach their goal of deploying systems at 1,000 rivers
by 2025, it's estimated that a new Interceptor will need to be deployed every 2 days. The question is, can
they really do it? With a little luck, we may soon see a fleet of these devices tidying
up our rivers and oceans for future generations. If you want to learn more about the Great
Pacific Garbage, check out this episode here. Let us know down in the comments if you liked
this video, and don’t forget to subscribe for more Seeker, thanks for watching.