Well hey there, I'm Emma from mmmEnglish.
These are some of the most common English words.
You see them in almost every English sentence
and today we're going to practise their natural pronunciation,
the way that they really sound when you hear them
spoken out loud by native English speakers:
and, that and were
are often not so clearly pronounced.
They usually sound like
So getting familiar with these more natural pronunciations
will help you to understand
fast-talking native English speakers.
Plus it's going to help you to sound more natural and relaxed
as you speak in English too.
Let's dive into the lesson.
These words are all function words or grammatical words.
So when they're spoken in English sentences,
they are usually unstressed.
They don't carry a lot of meaning in our sentences and they are
less important than other words.
Nouns, verbs, adjectives,
these are important words.
These are the stressed words in our sentences,
but these ones,
these ones often get
murmured or mumbled or pushed together with
other words.
Let's take a closer look at that one.
Actually,
that can be stressed or unstressed in English sentences
depending on how it's used.
So when that is a determiner,
we use it to explain which specific thing we're talking about.
So then we usually stress the word so that it's really clear
which one.
No, not this one, that one!
It's really clear.
As an adverb, it will probably also be stressed.
I'm not that hungry.
But when that is used as a conjunction to connect two
clauses in a sentence together, then it's unstressed.
So instead of that, it becomes
so that vowel sound softens
and it reduces to the schwa sound.
I told her that I'd be there.
It wasn't the answer that I wanted to hear.
Be is definitely the most commonly used English word,
but it has several different forms, doesn't it?
Depending on the subject and the tense,
it could be am,
is,
are,
was
or were.
And just like the verbs do and have,
the be verb can be used as a main verb
as well as as an auxiliary verb.
I'll be home soon.
Here, be is our main verb, isn't it?
Be home. I'll be home soon.
In the present tenses, be becomes
I am...
We are...
It is...
Right?
But they are usually pushed together to create contractions
when spoken so we can say them more quickly.
I'm...
We're...
It's...
In the past tense, be becomes
I was...
and
they were...
But when spoken quickly,
those vowel sounds reduce right down.
Was becomes
I was upstairs earlier.
But compare that pronunciation to
I was upstairs earlier
where we're really trying to emphasise that that's the truth.
I was up upstairs earlier.
No you weren't! You were in the yard!
I was upstairs!
I was putting the washing away.
And were becomes
They were waiting for the train.
Let's take a closer look at this fabulous preposition, on.
Now, if you watched my lesson last week,
it's up there if you missed it,
if you watched it,
you may remember me talking about an important
pronunciation rule when you are listening to fast English,
that words starting with a vowel sound are often
connected to the
end of the word before it.
So on doesn't sound too different in its unstressed form,
but it does often get pulled towards the word before it
when spoken quickly, like in this sentence.
It's on my computer.
We'll take on a new mechanic in May.
The same pronunciation rules apply for in.
To use this word and to sound natural while you do it,
you need to focus on linking that vowel sound
to the sound that comes before it.
Can you bring in the washing?
I'll meet you in there.
There's an extra linking sound between those two
vowel sounds and it's a little bit of a trick.
This lesson up here will explain how it works,
but one last time.
I'll meet you in there.
Let's talk about these brilliant little words,
our articles a and an.
Most of the time when you hear them in English,
they are unstressed.
Usually if we want to stress
that there is just one of something we would say
one
instead of really emphasising a or an.
More often than not, you are going to hear
The schwa sound is really important here.
Can we take a break?
It was an excellent day.
Of course, we need to include and on our list of
common English words, it's used all the time, isn't it?
And becomes
when it's unstressed and
often the
at the end, the
sound,
we also drop that. So it sounds a lot like
I want you to listen to the stressed
and unstressed forms in this sentence.
You and me.
Come and visit me.
It happens every now and again.
Now to spelt like this is not usually stressed.
If you do hear to,
it's probably referring to this word or this word
both pronounced to.
So when to is unstressed, what do you think it sounds like?
You're right. We need that schwa sound.
Very relaxed,
very easygoing sound.
I want to go to the beach.
I want to go to the beach too.
It's quarter to two.
Can is another
extremely common English word
that is often reduced when spoken quickly.
So can becomes
I can do it.
But compare the pronunciation to
I can do it.
This is when we really want to emphasise that it's true.
I can do it.
Compared to:
I can do it.
Not, no.
Definitely not.
Not is an unusual one to include in this list because
as a general rule, we usually stress negative forms in English.
I am not hungry!
We really want to stress the meaning there.
We want to emphasise it
but the word not is actually, more often than not,
it's used and it's linked to a verb in an English
sentence and it becomes a contracted form.
So I do not like it becomes
I don't like it.
So not
disappears in our sentence. It connects to another word.
Do not becomes don't.
I don't like it.
You can't believe it.
Can not.
Can't.
Now these contracted forms are extremely common
in spoken English.
If you are not already using contractions in your
spoken English,
I suggest you start introducing them now.
You are going to sound so much more natural when you're
speaking in English.
Let's practise a few common contractions together right now.
Can't.
Isn't.
Wasn't.
Don't.
Won't.
Weren't.
Shouldn't.
Couldn't.
Wouldn't.
Last but definitely not least is the.
Now you won't really hear it pronounced like that very often,
maybe only from your English teacher.
You will hear a shorter version.
And you'll also hear our favourite schwa.
So there are two unstressed forms of the pronunciation of
the,
and that change happens
depending on the word that follows it.
So if the is followed by a word that starts with a consonant
sound, then it's pronounced as
with the lazy schwa sound.
You left it in the car.
If the word the is followed by a vowel sound,
then it's pronounced slightly shorter as...
How do we get to the airport?
Yay!
You made it all the way through.
I'm super proud of you for sticking around.
If you want to keep studying how these reductions and natural
English pronunciation works,
then I really recommend you take a look at one of my
imitation lessons.
You'll be able to see all of these words at work
in my naturally spoken English.
And if you want to learn a little bit more about linking
and how words sound when they're spoken together
naturally in English,
definitely check out this playlist right here.
I know you'll love it
and I'll see you in there!