Hi there. I'm Jennifer from English with Jennifer. Do you want to learn more
English? You can study with my students Flavia and Andreia. We make learning fun,
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you can watch all of our basic English lessons.
Flavia and Andreia know how to talk about the future with "will" and "be going to."
They can make simple sentences like these: I'll be in Boston next year.
This weekend I'm going to visit my cousins in New York. Now it's time to learn how to
make longer sentences with these time words: before, after, when, as soon as.
These words help us form adverb clauses of time. We're going to make future time
clauses. Listen and learn.
All right. Guess what, ladies? Happy July!
Yeah. It's July! It's nice. Actually, it's not warm. It's hot.
Yes. Do you like the hot weather?
No? I like it. You enjoy the hot weather?
It's nice...for one...two months. And then I'm done.
Yes. So I like Boston. I like Massachusetts. I like the four seasons.
So it's nice for now, but it's hot today. I admit. Yes. Okay.
Ladies, do you like to dream? Dream.
Use your imagination. Right? Imagination.
Imagination is what we have. We see our pictures.
And what do we do? We imagine things. That's the verb. Imagine. That's the noun.
So we're going to use our imagination, and we're going to dream a little right now.
Sometimes I like to dream. Some dreams are possible, like I dream about the
future and I want to play the piano better. That's possible. Right? But I dream
of going to Europe and flying first-class. Yeah, me too. It's not going to happen.
That's my dream. One day, first class! That would be nice.
Me too. It would be nice. But today we're going
to imagine we have lots of money. Okay? And tomorrow we're going to fly to
Paris. Okay? Yeah. Sounds good? All right. So tomorrow we're going to Paris and we're going to
eat nice restaurants. Yeah and after we visit Paris, we'll...we'll go to Africa. Okay?
Wow. Yeah. So first, we'll go to Paris. After we go or
after we visit. So you could say, "After we go to Paris" or "after we visit Paris, I
think we'll go to Africa." And if I've made my decision: we're going. Mm-hmm.
We're going to Africa. There are lots of countries to see in Africa. After we go
to Paris, we're going to Africa. After we visit Africa, what are we going to do?
After? Yeah. So we're going to Paris. Then from Europe, we'll go to Africa. After going to
Africa...after we go to Africa, what should we do? Do you want to go to a different continent?
Do you want to go to Asia? Yeah. Yeah? What country?Japan. Japan has good food.
After we go to Africa, we're going to Japan. Yeah.
And when we're in Japan, we're going to eat lots of good food.
I'm excited. So, we're going to Paris. Then we're going to Africa. We're going to visit different
countries in Africa. After we visit Africa, we're going to Japan.
Yeah. We're going first class, by the way. Yeah. Okay. And we're going to eat lots of
food in Japan. After we enjoy ourselves in Japan, where are we going to go?
Russia? Russia! Sure. I haven't been there in a while. Okay. So after we visit Japan,
we're flying to Russia. Okay. So you remember when we talked about the future,
I said there's different ways. I could say: we're going to Paris, we're going to
visit Paris, we'll visit. So we have will, be going to, and we could use the present
progressive. Right? Tomorrow we're going to Paris. We're flying to Paris tomorrow.
All the future. But when I use words like "when," "after"...right? Even if I do
"before"...watch. If I say, "Before we fly to Russia...before we fly to Russia,
we're going to visit...Where are we going to visit before Russia? Japan. Japan. We're going to visit Japan.
Boy! We have a big plan. Before we fly to Russia, we're going to visit Japan.
What happened? When I use "after," "when," "before,"
I'm talking about the future, but I'm using the present.
Remember this rule with adverb clauses of time.
Future time clauses with "before," "after," "when," "as soon as"
use the simple present. Can you help me fix some mistakes? Look at sentence
one. What's the mistake? Here it is. Let's not use "will." Let's change "will fly" to
"fly" in the present tense. Before we fly to France. Before we fly to France, we'll
say goodbye to our families. Look at sentence two. Can you fix the mistake?
What do we need to say? After we visit Paris, we'll fly to Africa.
Here's sentence three. Do you see the mistake? "Will arrive" is wrong. Let's fix it.
When we arrive in Africa, we're going to need a tour guide. Here's sentence four.
What's wrong? So what do we need to say?
As soon as we find a tour guide, I'll ask the tour guide to take us on a safari.
Good job. Let's go on with that dream vacation.
But we before to fly to Russia...I think I'm getting confused. We went
from Paris to Africa to Japan. Japan to Russia and now Brazil.
So after we visit Russia...after we visit Russia, where are we going?
We're going to Brazil. Yeah. Let's go to Brazil. After we visit Russia, we're going to Brazil.
We're going to fly to Brazil. We'll fly to Brazil. We can use our
future forms. Right? After we visit Russia, we're going to Brazil. We're going to
fly there first class. Okay? When we're in Brazil, what are we going to do? We are...
we are going to eat brigadeiros. Ooh. Yum. Yes. Good, good. Okay, so when we're in Brazil, we're going to eat brigadeiros.
Great. Any other type of food I should eat? When we're in Brazil...when we're in Brazil,
we are going to eat....How about a barbecue?
Yeah. No! Oh yeah. Vegetables. Coxinha. (A chicken dish.) Do they make vegetarian coxinhas?
I like Brazilian rice.
Are there nice drinks in Brazil?
Yes. Cocktails? Caipirinha. Caipirinha! Okay. So when we're in Brazil...When I...
Say, "Jennifer, when we take you to Brazil..." When we are...when we are in Brazil, we are
going to drink caipirinhas. Okay. Great. And eat brigadeiros. Yes. Great. Okay. I think after, um, Brazil, we can fly home.
So after we visit Brazil, we'll fly back to the U.S. But let's go to New York.
Okay. Still we'll fly first class. We will
fly from Brazil to New York City, and when we're in New York, what will we do?
When we are in New York, we are going to visit Central Park. Okay. Great. Yeah. And when were in New York, um
I want to see a show. A big show, like a musical. Music, dancing, so we're
going to see two or three shows. Okay? Yes. We have the money. Wow!
And finally, after we visit New York, what will we do? Do you want to go somewhere else or
should we come back to Boston? Yeah. Yes. Where do you want to go? We still have a
few thousand dollars. When we are in Boston...Oh! So you want to fly back. Let's go...we're still in New York.
Let's go. Let's leave New York. So after we visit New York...after we visit New York,
we are going to Boston. Okay. And we are going to visit a museum. Okay.
We could spend the day visiting museums...with VIP tickets!
And then we're going to have a big lunch somewhere in Boston. So we have a big plan.
We're going to Paris, Africa, Japan, Russia, Brazil. We'll have fun in New York, and after we visit all
these places, I think we'll have no more money. Yes. But it's okay.
Okay. So what do you remember? When you make the long sentences and you use these groups of words -- we say it's a time clause.
Okay? You might see this in grammar books. A time clause. It's just a
group of words, an idea about the future with "when," "after," "before." Right? Use the present.
Present? Yeah. Yes. So when we're in New York, we'll see some shows.
When we visit Japan, we're going to eat
good food. After we visit Japan, where are we going? We're flying to Russia. And when we talk
about the future and you know our plans we can use "be going to" or the present
progressive. And sometimes if you're thinking aloud, we tend to use "will."
But we have different forms for the future. But we must use the present with "after," "before," "when."
You can also use "as soon as." Have you heard that one?
As soon as. "As soon as" is like "when." But right away. Like I really want brigadeiros, so
as soon as we get to Brazil, I want a brigadeiro. "As soon as" is right away.
It means "when." When we get to Brazil, I want a brigadeiro. But as soon as we arrive...
as soon as we land, I want these desserts. As soon as. Same thing. It's a time clause.
So as soon as we land...as soon as we arrive...as soon as we get there,
we can start eating. And what's the drink again? What are we drinking? Caipirinha. Caipirinha. Okay. Sounds great.
Remember the main clause, the main idea, can use a future verb form.
The adverb clause of time uses the present tense. What about the order of clauses?
Let's talk about that.
Do you understand? Or I think you had a question. Uh-huh. Can I switch these parts? Yes.
Yes. So I could also say we're going to Japan before we fly to Russia.
We're flying to Russia after we visit Japan. We can change these parts around.
Yeah. Okay. I said, "As soon as we land in Brazil, I want to eat brigadeiros."
"I want to eat brigadeiros as soon as we land." It doesn't matter.
I can change those parts. Okay. Let's talk about the real future.
Okay. Today I have kind of a busy day. We have our lesson now, and after we finish,
I'm going home. I'll have lunch, and after I have lunch, my son and I are going to a
doctor's appointment. Yeah. One more time. After we finish our lesson, I'm going
home. I'm going home after we finish this lesson. It doesn't matter.
But with "after," I have to use the present. After we finish. I can say, "After
we're going to finish...after we'll finish." Uh-huh. After we finish our lesson, I'm going home.
Okay. That's my busy day. Do you have a busy day? Kind of?
After we finish, what are you going to do? I'm going to my home. I'm going home. You can say, "I'm going home."
I'm going home. After I'm going home...After I go home. You can say, "After I go home."
After I go home, I'm going to study. Good for you.
What are you going to do after we finish after we finish? After we finish, I...I'm going to make lunch. Mm-hmm.
After make lunch...after I make lunch. After I make lunch, I'm going to clean my house.
Good for you. I'm not going to clean today.
For practice, use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
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