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in traditional english grammar
a part of speech is a category of words
that have similar grammatical properties
parts of speech tell us how a word is
used in a sentence
sometimes parts of speech are called
word classes
there are eight main parts of speech in
english
nouns pronouns adjectives verbs adverbs
prepositions conjunctions and
interjections
each part of speech has a specific use
or function
in general
a noun
is a naming word which is the name of
something
a pronoun replaces a noun
an adjective describes something
a verb
is an action or a state of being
an adverb normally describes a verb or
sometimes gives more information about
an adjective
a preposition
shows a relationship or connection
between things
a conjunction is a joining word that
connects
two parts of a
sentence an interjection expresses a
strong feeling or emotion
now
this is just a very general overview of
each part of speech
in each class can have more than one use
which we'll see in a moment
most parts of speech
can be divided into
subclasses for example
nouns can be divided into proper nouns
and common nouns
countable nouns or uncountable nouns etc
prepositions can be divided into
prepositions of time
prepositions of place etc
now let's look at the eight main parts
of speech in english
a noun is a naming word
a noun is used to name a thing
a person
an animal
a place or an idea
for example we can name things
this
is a table
what is the name of this thing
it is a table
table
is the name of this thing so table is a
noun
we can name a thing
table car strawberry mountain
these are all names of things
we can name a person
daniel diego angelica robert
we can name an animal
dog cat
duck elephant
we can name a place
london egypt california paris
we can name an idea
happiness
hope
love
freedom
let's look at some example sentences
steve lives in sydney
in this sentence there are two nouns can
you see them
steve
is the name of a person
sydney
is the name of a place
steve and sydney are nouns
the next example
mary uses a blue pen to write letters
mary is the name of a person
pen
is the name of the object or thing
letters is the name of the other object
or thing that she is writing
mary pen and letters are nouns
a pronoun is used in place of a noun or
noun phrase to avoid repetition
examples are i you it we
us them those
let's look at this example mary is tired
she wants to sleep
the subject pronoun she
replaces mary
if we say
mary is tired mary wants to sleep
saying the noun mary twice it sounds
repetitive
so the second mary becomes a pronoun
more specifically a subject pronoun
mary is tired
she wants to sleep
there are other types of pronouns which
we will see in more detail in another
video but i will quickly mention them
here
let's look at this sentence
i want her to dance with me
i is a subject pronoun
her is an object pronoun
we use her instead of saying the name of
the woman it say it is mary
i want mary to dance with me
since we are already talking about mary
we don't repeat her name
i want her to dance with me the final me
is also an object pronoun
another type of pronoun is a possessive
pronoun such as mine yours hers etc
this bike is my bike
this sounds repetitive doesn't it
bike is a noun
we can replace the final my bike with
mine
this bike is
mine mine is a possessive pronoun
as i mentioned before we will see more
about pronouns in another video but
basically pronouns replace nouns or noun
phrases to avoid repetition
an adjective describes modifies or gives
more information
about a noun or pronoun
examples are
cold
happy
young
these words describe something
they are adjectives
look at our example sentence
the little girl has a pink hat
in this sentence there are two
adjectives can you see them
how do we describe the girl
little
little is an adjective because it gives
more information about the girl
how do we describe the head
it is pink
pink
is an adjective
when there is a noun
the adjective goes before the noun in
english
we don't say
the girl little
no
we say the little girl
we don't say the head pink
no
we say the pink hat
another example
my sister is intelligent and
fun
intelligent and fun are adjectives
because they describe my sister
a verb shows an action or state of being
a verb can show what someone or
something is doing
examples of verbs include go
speaking ate
lived being
is
for example
i watch woodward english videos
i study their charts and play their
games
there are three verbs in these examples
can you see them
yes
watch
study and play are all verbs
they show an action
watch
is an action study is an action and play
is an action
verbs can also show a state of being or
existence
i am happy
am is not an action
but is used to introduce a state in this
case the feeling of happiness
i am happy
i feel sick
feel
is another example of a verb
verbs have different tenses which tell
us
when an action happens or happened
for example
there is the past dance
i lived in russia last year
the present ends
i live in chile right now
the future tends
i will live in italy next year
there are many verb tenses these are
just three of the most common ones
there are also different types of verbs
such as main verbs auxiliary verbs and
modal verbs but we will see more about
these in another video
an adverb describes or modifies a verb
an adjective or another adverb
an adverb can give us more information
about a verb and it tells us
how
how often
where
when or to what extent
many adverbs end in
al y
for example
i am speaking slowly
can you see the adverb here
first what is the verb
speaking
how are we describing the way i speak
slowly
slowly is an adverb of manner as it
gives us more information about the way
i speak
yesterday i ate my lunch quickly
here are two adverbs
yesterday is an adverb of time saying
when something happened
and quickly is an adverb of manner
saying how the action happened
the most common types of adverbs are
adverbs of manner
they answer the question how
for example slowly
loudly
easily
adverbs of frequency
these answer the question how often
for example always usually never
adverbs of place
answer the question where
for example here there
outside above
adverbs of time
these answer the question when
for example yesterday now
soon
adverbs of degree
these answer the question to what extent
for example
very
rarely
to
so quite
a preposition shows the relationship of
a noun noun phrase or a pronoun to
another word
some examples of prepositions include at
on in
from with about
look at this example that has two
prepositions can you see them
i left my keys on the table for you
the first preposition is on a
preposition of place
it tells us where something is
the second preposition is for
which shows the relationship
the next example my birthday is in
january
the preposition in
is a preposition of time that introduces
the time period and lets us know that my
birthday is in that period of time
see our video about the prepositions of
time at on and in
the most common prepositions include
time
place or a relationship
a conjunction joins words ideas phrases
or clauses together in a sentence and
shows how they are connected
examples are
and or but because until
if
i was hot and tired but i still finished
it
in this sentence and
joins the adjectives hot and tired
together
to express that i felt these together
but
is also a conjunction to join the first
clause i was hot and tired
with the second i still finished it
but is used to contrast that
even though i was hot and tired i was
still able to finish it
another example
i listened to music while i was running
while
there's also a conjunction that joins
two clauses
it shows there is a relation or
connection between the two
an interjection is a word or phrase that
expresses a strong feeling or emotion
it is a short exclamation that is used
more in spoken english than written
english
examples of interjections are ouch hey
wow
ah
you can see that interjections often end
in an exclamation mark
some examples ouch i just hit my thumb
the interjection ouch is used to express
that something painful just happened
wow i passed my english exam
wow
is used to express surprise or amazement
sometimes with interjections the
exclamation mark is at the end of the
sentence and not immediately after the
interjection as in the case of the last
sentence
it is important to know that sometimes a
word can be in more than one part of
speech or word class depending on its
function
for example with the word increase or
increase
can be a verb for example prices
increased last year
and increase
can also be a noun
for example there was an increase in the
number of followers
did you see the difference in
pronunciation
increase
is the verb
increase is the noun
bonus section thank you for watching up
until now
so in traditional english grammar there
are eight parts of speech
nouns pronouns adjectives verbs adverbs
prepositions conjunctions and
interjections
but
sometimes teaches include a ninth part
of speech or ninth word class
this class is called
articles
the articles in english are
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articles help to define nouns ah and
also an
are used to talk about a noun in general
the is used to talk about a specific
noun
look at this example
i need a dictionary
a
is an indefinite article we're talking
about a dictionary in general
the dictionary needs to be in english
the is a definite article and is used to
be more specific
in traditional grammar articles appear
under the category of adjectives
sometimes articles are included in a
larger ninth word class called
determinus
a determinant is a word or phrase that
appears before a noun or at the
beginning of a noun phrase
a determiner can tell us whether
something is specific or general and
helps us to identify things
determiners include articles ah and the
possessives my your his her it's our
their
demonstratives this that these those
numbers we have cardinal numbers one two
three and ordinal numbers first second
third
quantifiers
some many other several few
interrogatives
what which whose
we will see more about determiners in
another
lesson
i hope this video was useful for you
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have an awesome day
so
you