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In April 2015, the NASA Dawn spacecraft
began transmitting new close-up images of the mysterious dwarf planet Ceres.
The images to date have only deepened the mystery
surrounding the puzzling bright spots on the planet's surface.
More recent images have shown that the bright spots appear to differ in nature,
and in fact, closer images have shown a multitude of bright spots
at the site of the original puzzling features.
According to the latest reports the bright spots
appear to be shrinking as the spacecraft approaches.
It may be possible that we are simply seeing a reflective material.
Yet, we do note that electric arcs concentrate energy on a very small area
so that we might expect the bright spots, if they are electrical,
to show more fine structure, which is to say, more even, smaller bright points
as the resolution improves over coming weeks.
However, in addition to this ongoing mystery,
questions remain about Ceres that planetary scientists seem unready to ask.
The surface of Ceres is massively cratered
with a variety of types of craters, including so-called 'bullseye' craters
And craters with central peaks,
weird hexagonal craters
such as those seen on Mars,
Mercury,
and the Saturnian moon, Mimas.
The cause of craters on rocky bodies is a puzzle that
planetary scientists have long ago considered resolved.
However, Dawn's exploration of Ceres is a startling reminder of just how inadequately
the modern theory of planetary cratering explains what we actually see.
In the thinking of planetary scientists, impacts from intruding bodies have
caused most of the craters on the solar systems heavily cratered planets and moons.
From this perspective, one is left with the impression that
impacting objects are as ubiquitous as they are devastating.
But, why should this assumption remain unchallenged?
Some bodies in the solar system are so heavily cratered that a special "late heavy
bombardment" had to be included in the speculative history of the solar system.
Astronomers are not sure about the "bombarding objects" came from.
In addition, most planets and moons show mysterious hemispheric differences in cratering.
Most striking is the planet Mars,
where the heavily impacted southern hemisphere stands in stark contrast
to a northern hemisphere almost entirely free of craters.
An impossibility under the usual theoretical assumptions about planetary origins.
Let us now consider the Electric Universe theory of cratering on planets and moons,
which states that massive electrical discharge events
occurred in a relatively recent epoch of planetary instability.
The detailed features of countless craters on planets and moons
do not match attempts to recreate them in laboratory experiments
with either explosions or projectile impacts.
The massive cratering that covers Ceres from pole to pole
defies the notion of cratering by impact.
As one observer recently remarked to the Thunderbolts project,
far too many of the craters are, "90º axial to the center of the body.
As if every single so-called object impact was vectored exactly towards the nucleus
leaving no side swiping impacts.
Let's see the math that speaks to such a probability.
This image displays the evidence of a globalized dynamic process.
The Geo features are not a history of individual crater impacts."
We also note, that Ceres lacks the necessary gravity to influence the paths of
incoming objects at speeds sufficient to cause such circular cratering.
Many of astronomers ideas about cratering became solidified
through the scientific investigation into the moon.
However, not included in the scientific debate was the evidence
for crater formation through high-energy electrical discharges.
Let us look back to the mid 1960s, when amateur astronomer Brian J. Ford explored
the possibility that lunar craters may have been the result of plasma discharges.
In 1965, Ford wrote: "It is clear that craters produced by an electrical discharge
show central peaks in the ratio of approximately 1:3 in the small craters,
or nearer 50:50 where the largest craters are concerned".
Ford's experiment, which involved electric discharge machining in a plasma oven
produced patterns remarkably similar to those seen on the moon.
Ford also address the long-standing puzzle of why smaller craters appear
preferentially on the rims of larger craters.
He wrote:
"...there are no examples of a large crater over-running one of smaller diameter,
although smaller craters may often interfere structurally with those larger diameters.
It is impossible for any random bombardment to prove so selective."
Electric arcs always strike the surface from directly above.
Let us again, consider a side-by-side comparison of the surface of Ceres
with an image of anode cratering in an electrical discharge machining process.
What we actually see on Ceres is directionality of the craters
and a startling absence of "side swiping impacts",
a clean circular appearance of craters,
central craters within craters,
and craters with central peaks,
and the preferential appearance of smaller craters on the rims of larger craters.
All consistent with the electric discharge theory of crater formation.
They are not consistent with the theory of random impacts.
Over the past two decades within the Electric Universe community,
independent researchers have explored a broad field of observational data
bearing directly on an electrical interpretation of planetary surface features.
Let's consider just one recurring anomalous crater form seen on many rocky bodies.
In numerous instances, we see hexagonal craters
on Mars, Mercury and on Saturn's moon, Mimas.
We also see geometrically weird, square-shaped craters
such as those seen on the Asteroid Eros,
on Mars,
and with Earth's own Meteor Crater.
An hexagonal form is an acknowledged trademark of electric discharge process.
These same hexagonal forms are seen on Ceres,
pointing us to the same electrical forces that have received
too little attention in Planetary Science.
The Dawn mission is a remarkable opportunity
for scientists to gain a new understanding of our solar system's history.
But, science can only progress when new horizons are explored,
and old ideas abandoned as the evidence demands.
And, the evidence overwhelmingly tells us that the recent history of our solar system
was far more dramatic than we have ever been led to believe.
For continuous updates on NASA's Dawn mission to Ceres
stay tuned to Space News from the Electric Universe
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