(lively jazz music)
- [Steven] We're in Montgomery, Alabama
at the Equal Justice Initiative's
National Memorial for Peace and Justice.
We've just walked through and I feel
emotionally overwhelmed.
- [Hilary] I've been here over 20 times
and every time I'm teary and emotional, but in a good way,
because in those emotions I'm able to feel
and do what the memorials intend, to have an inner peace,
but also way to go forward and heal
on this unspoken history in a way
that honors the people who were the victims of lynching.
- [Steven] When I grew up, lynching was almost
never spoken about, and it is America's great shame.
- I heard some of it growing up
in an African-American family.
They used lynching as a way to educate us as children
of what not to do.
When it was taught in schools in Massachusetts,
that's where I grew up in the Boston area,
it was individual actors.
It wasn't seen as widespread.
And this Memorial shows it was political.
It was violence that was widespread
in almost every state of the United States
except for a handful.
And that becomes very clear
as you walk through this memorial.
- [Steven] Walking through, starting at the top of the hill
and winding down through a descending ramp
so that these large corten steel memorials
begin to hang over your head
one after another, after another multiplying.
- [Hilary] You're going through the cycle of a lynching
from the person while they were still alive and upright
and at eye level to when they are strong up
and over your head, and all you see at the base
is the county.
And at the end, when they're laid out in coffin-like style,
giving them the dignity in a burial that they never have,
and it gets overwhelming when you see nothing but bottoms
of the pieces and you no longer can see the names.
- [Steven] And that idea that this memorial
is offering a kind of solace,
offering a kind of funerary honor
that these people had never been afforded is so moving
and feels to me that it has come too late,
but I'm grateful that it has come at all.
- [Hilary] They were not this unknown men,
women, and children.
They were fathers, they were mothers
and the crimes that they were accused of,
a man, a minister marrying someone,
is the reason why he was killed.
Military veteran returning back
from the Spanish American War killed
at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
A husband, his family was killed because he voted.
People came back to the house, killed his mother,
his wife, and two children.
It becomes clear that they were people.
They were community members and in death,
they still deserve honor.
- [Steven] Lynching was a tool of repression.
It was a tool to subjugate to maintain
the surveillance terrorizing slave state
that had existed before the war.
- [Hilary] It's the ultimate form
of what Koritha Mitchell calls know-your-place-aggression.
If you go outside your place for organizing a union,
you could be killed.
If you were to vote, you could be killed.
If you were reprimanding children to get them
to stop throwing rocks at you, you were lynched.
It was the way to keep people submissive,
but what I found telling is when you have
more than one person killed on a day
around election times for voting,
around labor organizing, and you have not one person,
but five people, 10 people, 20 people.
- [Steven] Or entire communities
that are attacked and burned.
- [Hilary] Like Elaine, Arkansas and the Tulsa Massacre.
This is a way to protect a system of white supremacy
with political violence, with political intent.
- [Steven] So the challenge was how do you take that
history of terror and translate that
through architecture, through memorial sculpture
into something that is meaningful in the 21st Century.
- [Hilary] And this is the brilliance of this memorial.
You are just settled with the name and the date.
And even when not known, unknown as a name,
you get a history lesson in a way that you can then have
deeper conversations that you would not have before.
And that's why this memorial is striking
and why it's bringing both peace for a community to heal,
but also justice for the victims of this heinous crime.
Ida B Wells says that this was the national crime,
and we need to acknowledge it as a nation.
- [Steven] And when I was walking through
looking at the justifications of why people were lynched,
especially at those that were murdered
because they had voted,
it's hard not to look at contemporary politics
and the efforts to suppress voting now,
and this is not history in a sense.
This is part of a continuing legacy.
- [Hilary] And that's one of the things,
a continuing legacy of resistance,
a refusal to accept one's place,
and to understand that the ballot matters the most
and why it's dangerous to be educated
and to be politically savvy.
And those are why we're having these debates now
over voting rights, but also what gets taught
in the classroom because lynching
was not taught in the classroom.
And when you see it as not a one off thing,
but a long legacy and history,
it becomes different in the present.
- [Steven] Walking up to one of these rectangular forms,
they function as abstract human bodies,
but also as grave markers and transform that figure
into a remembrance.
- [Hilary] The families behind those names never forgot.
And one of the most striking walls says,
"We will remember."
Families remembered, communities remembered.
That refusal, that act is one of the reasons
why we can have this memorial
because it went from safe spaces
within the Black community to now national conversation.
- [Steven] The research and outreach to those families
to gather those memories and bring them together here.
- [Hilary] This was an unknowable.
Families had this, but also newspapers documented these.
Government reports and politicians used this
and openly discussed this.
So there's an acknowledgement of the families
who never forgot and never got that healing
that they too could heal, not just the nation
and that what they did in his counter-act of commemoration
in scrapbooks and family diaries was valid.
And that concern is now shaping the national conversations
of what do we do now.
(lively jazz music)