ancient Egypt was a civilization of
ancient North Africa this civilization
existed along the lower reaches of the
Nile River
these follows the prehistoric Egypt and
formed around 3100 BC with a political
unification of upper and lower egypt
under mayonnaise often identified as nor
mer the history of these lands is a long
one stretched on thousands of years the
people here experienced throughout time
lots of events from conflicts to periods
of peace from famine and decay to
prosperity and incredible wonders that
the world had never seen a series of
kingdoms existed separated by periods of
relative instability known as
intermediate periods the old kingdom of
the early Bronze Age the middle kingdom
of the middle Bronze Age and the new
kingdom of the Late Bronze Age just by
looking at these lands and knowing their
incredible achievements which happened
thousands of years ago we may sure
consider that this ancient civilization
was a successful one considering that
the great pyramid of khufu was built
around 2582 2560 BC with a simple math
calculation the year 1 AD when Jesus
existed is closer to our present year
than it is to the construction of this
gigantic wonder the success of the
ancient Egyptian civilizations came from
many directions but one is from its
ability to adapt to the conditions of
the Nile River Valley for agriculture
the predictable flooding and controlled
irrigation of the fertile valley
produced surplus crops which supported a
dense population and social development
and culture the administration sponsored
mineral exploitation of the valley and
surrounding desert regions the early
development of an independent writing
system the organization of collective
construction and agricultural projects
trade with surrounding regions and a
military intended to
search Egyptian dominance motivating and
organizing these activities was a
bureaucracy of elite scribes religious
leaders and administrators under the
control of a pharaoh a king who secures
the unity of the Egyptian people in the
context of an elaborate system of
religious beliefs the many great
achievements of the ancient Egyptians
include the construction techniques that
supported the building of monumental
pyramids temples and obelisks a system
of mathematics irrigation systems and
agricultural production techniques and a
practical and effective system of
medicine also the Egyptians were masters
in cutting and polishing building
materials new forms of traditions
existed throughout the years and the
state also confronted with outside
enemies a new interesting thing is that
the earliest known peace treaty was made
between them and the Hittites seeing
their great ruins monuments statues
buildings that lasted until our days
knowing about their medicine abouts
their military might even we may ask
what happened to them what was the
reason or reasons that led to the
collapse of ancient Egypt the seeds
actually lay around one and a half
millennia earlier when Egypt was
apparently at the height of its powers
in the reign of ramses ii during what is
known as the 19th dynasty of egyptian
history
Rameses great foes were the Hittites of
what is now modern Turkey a key battle
with whom at Kadesh was frequently
displayed on the great Pharaoh's temples
but during the course of its history
Egypt was invaded or conquered by a
number of foreign powers including the
Hyksos the Libyans the nubbins the
Assyrians and the acumen and Persians
the first sign of weakening was a loss
of military power and lackluster
military development due to available
natural resources while other
surrounding and growing empires were
able to forge iron from resources
available locally the differences
between their
was that while the Egyptians were armed
with weapons of bronze the Hittites had
access to iron thus even if it wasn't a
decisive problem falling behind military
technology in comparison to your enemies
could be considered as a factor in the
coming decline Egypt lacked access to
war and other necessary metals slowly as
the world evolved Egypt became
vulnerable to more powerful competing
armies additionally throughout history
great civilizations collapsed not only
because of external pressure but of
internal to crises have occurred
political conflicts led to the eventual
split of the Empire into northern and
southern areas and a protracted civil
war began between the two regions the
internal fragmentation was caused in
time as these problems led to further
division of the Egyptian state and this
opened doors for other growing empires
to invade and take Egyptian territory
and resources coupled with the lack of
natural resources to support their
military power several political events
greatly influenced the Power Balance in
Egypt the first was the shifting role of
the important pharaoh the conflict was
on after a long civil war and several
attempts to reunite the Egypt state the
Empire remains split with huge gaps and
administration a loose association
between the governments of the two
regions every part of the state is
important for its continuance and for
its prosperity here religion played a
major role in nearly all aspects of
Egyptian life we can see this on ancient
walls the hieroglyphs are still there
the administration was not working
properly and the state was weak from the
interior the quality of life has become
worse and worse for the ordinary people
has the economic disparity between the
population and the religious elite grew
citizens grew more displeased the
religious leaders controls large
portions of Egypt's land giving them a
disproportionate share of the nation's
income conflicts over wealth
distribution led to questions about the
lack of proper administration and
as well in addition to the distribution
of wealth military conflicts towards the
end of the ancient Egyptian era were
incredibly expensive funding massive
military investments strains the
government's capital and further
weakened the state all these issues
created more issues the dependency of
the Nile River the lack of mental
resources the corruption that led to the
lack of economic health made Egypt less
able to handle other stresses eventually
leading to its fall even if the internal
conflicts influence the health of the
Egyptian state external military
conflicts further weakens the Empire a
big blow happened in 7th century BC the
nearby Assyrians invaded Egypt the
Assyrians occupied Memphis sacks the
temples of Thieves
and reigned until 627 BC during this
time period the Egyptian climate
contributed to the fall of ancient Egypt
in other ways the Nile River which was
the primary resource of water for
drinking and crop irrigation was a
temperamental River known for flooding
and periods of low water levels this
caused widespread hunger and thousands
of Egyptians died from dehydration and
starvation while experts believe the low
water in the Nile was the primary
influence for the fall of ancient Egypt
during the later period in the Empire's
existence a two to three decades period
was marked by erratic flooding of the
Nile destroying crops and starving the
people depended on them the Assyrians
left control of Egypt to a series of
vassals who became known as the site
kings of the 26th dynasty
even if the Assyrians were pushed back
the economy and culture were revitalized
but in 525 BC a new danger appeared the
mighty Persian Empire began the conquest
of Egypt capturing the Pharaoh some took
the 3rd of the Battle of Pella see'em
the Persian King assumes the formal
title of Pharaoh but ruled Egypt from
Iran leaving Egypt under the control of
a Satrapi that's the end of this
extended period of political and
economic unrest and devis
Sadek climate issues Egypt has lost most
of its land and became a mere province
within the Persian Empire revolts
happened thousands of its people had
died and the public was increasingly
dissatisfied with both their political
and religious leaders Alexander the
Great conquered the Persian Empire and
too was welcomed by the Egyptians as a
savior the administration established by
Alexander's successors the makedonia and
Ptolemaic Kingdom was based on an
Egyptian model and based in the new
capital of Alexandria the city showcased
the power and prestige of Hellenistic
rule and became a seat of learning and
culture continued Egyptian revolts
ambitious politicians and powerful
opponents from the Near East mades this
situation unstable leading Rome to send
forces to secure the country as a
province of its Empire Christianity
began to spread through Egypt and with
its the Greek alphabet both transforming
key features of the ancient culture that
we know and recognize today adopting a
new religion where the old religion has
been a major cultural force in the
Egyptian Empire led to the end of
practices such as mummification
that's the ancient Egyptians were well
known for similarly adoption of the
Greek alphabets led to the disuse of
hieroglyphics another key feature of
Egypt that we have with us today these
shift signals the true fall of ancient
Egypt although the forces that drove the
decline has been operating for a
considerable time period in the 4th
century as the Roman Empire divided each
if found itself in the Eastern Empire in
the waning years of the Empire Egypt
fell to the sustaining Persian army 618
to 628 AD and was recaptured by the
Roman Emperor Heraclius
629 to 639 AD and then was finally
captured by the Muslim rashidun Army in
639 - 641 AD ending Roman rule in its
last centuries from its internal
problems until the Arab conquest the
Egyptian civilization was more and more
influenced by the outside world
having their own problems the kingdom of
the Nile couldn't resist against foreign
influences Persians Greeks and Romans
shaped their culture traditions language
and religion we wants to thank you so
much for watching this video and to
express our gratitude to our few and
very generous supporters on patreon you
can to support our channel by clicking
the link in the description also don't
forget to subscribe and to click on that
Bell button in order to see more
animated history videos
you