The Vatican city-state is one of the most mystical and mysterious places on the planet.
What the archives and tombs of this state hide is known to the narrowest number of
people on our planet! I will tell you about this place and other finds of archaeologists
in this video! Hi, friend. You are on the KirTop channel.
Colored frescoes found in Khnum temple In the temple of Khnum at Isna, German and
Egyptian researchers discovered brightly colored ceiling frescoes. The relief images in the central
part of the ceiling, according to the German Egyptologist Christian Leitz of the University
of Tübingen, amount to a total of 46 images, including the Upper Egyptian vulture goddess
Nekhbet and the Lower Egyptian snake goddess Wajit. While Nekhbet, depicted with the head
of a vulture, wears the white crown of Upper Egypt, Wajit can be identified by
a Lower Egyptian crown surmounted by a cobra. Since 2018, specialists have been exploring
bas-reliefs, paintings and inscriptions in the temple. Work was underway to clean over half
of the ceilings and eight of the 18 columns. Moreover, two platbands were cleared of soot.
"Temples and ancient images of the gods were often painted with bright colors,
but they usually faded or even completely disappeared as a result of external influences."
Skeletons on chairs
The Colorado River, or rather the bay at the Cienega Springs pier,
is an amazingly beautiful place with clear water. Divers love to swim there, and on May 4, 2015,
one of them, in the process of enjoying underwater beauties, stumbled upon something interesting.
Two human skeletons sat on plastic chairs, as if they were going to rest and chat about something.
The terrified diver flew out of the water and immediately called the police. The divers who
went under the water took several pictures and these shots are reminiscent of a horror movie
where people died of horror, sitting on chairs. The skulls even have sunglasses on them. But the
sheriff suspected that it was just an installation and the diver, who again went to examine the
terrible find, confirmed that the skeletons were not real. High-quality copies of human skeletons,
which were made of sinking plastic. On one of them was a note: "Bernie dreamed all his life
to live in the river." The police spent about an hour examining the photographs and skeletons
before being convinced that it was someone's joke, which, by the way, is well implemented.
Cave of King Herod the Great
An international team of archaeologists conducted a comparative analysis of alabaster,
the components for the manufacture of which were mined in ancient times in the Levant and
Egypt. As a result, a cave was found in which raw materials were mined for the manufacture of the
famous luxurious baths of King Herod the Great. Until now, it was believed that Ancient Egypt
was the main supplier of calcite for the manufacture of luxurious alabaster products,
including for the rulers and aristocrats who lived on the territory of modern Israel.
A striking example of such luxury items are two baths of the famous biblical king Herod the Great,
found in the fortress of Kypros and his royal palace, located south of Jerusalem. They are
kept in museum funds in Austria. These bathtubs are made from finely worked calcite alabaster.
The fact that both bathtubs were clearly made in Israel and not in Egypt, as one might expect
due to the high quality of the stone, came as a special surprise. This means that Herod the Great
used local products, and the production of alabaster in Judea in the second half
of the first century BC was sufficiently developed and of high enough quality to
satisfy the luxurious standards of Herod, one of the best builders among the kings of that period.
Ancient hand grenades These artifacts were
found in the last century in Jerusalem. A new analysis of ceramic pots from 11th-12th century
Jerusalem has confirmed previous suggestions that some of these vessels may have been used
as ancient hand grenades during the Crusades. Spheroconic archeological artifacts - rounded,
with a cone-shaped base - are found in museums around the world. Their versatility
and varied uses are well documented. In a new study, scientists have found evidence
that these pots were also used as hand grenades. The researchers drew attention to four shards
of pots found in the Armenian Garden in the walled Old City of Jerusalem. They
were discovered between 1961 and 1967. These artifacts are kept at the Royal
Ontario Museum. Experts examined the remains inside them and found that one
vessel contained explosive material. Through various chemical tests,
the researchers found that the other three vessels most likely contained oils, aromatics,
and medicines. The fourth vessel, a clay pot with very thick walls and no decorations,
contained remains that indicated the possibility of storing chemicals or chemical explosives.
Sulfur was one of the ingredients found, and traces of mercury and magnesium were also found.
All of these were found in higher quantities than in other pots and the surrounding soil.
This is further evidence for historians who want to understand
how wars were fought thousands of years ago. However, it remains unclear what exactly the
mixture was inside these "hand grenades". Researchers do not exclude that this is a
mixture known as "Greek fire". However, its composition remains a mystery:
opinions differ about the ingredients, and the preparation process has never been documented.
Ancient Roman pottery in Egypt Archaeologists have discovered
an ancient pottery workshop in Alexandria dating back to the beginning of the Roman period. Many
fragments of round vessels, coins, figurines and even a “ritual room” were found in it.
Ancient workers primarily used the site to make amphoras, two-handled, narrow-necked vessels that
were commonly used to store and transport goods such as oil and grain, according to researchers at
Oxford University's Classical Art Research Centre. Two workshops with kilns were carved into the
rock. One of them is still in excellent condition. In the Byzantine era, long after the production of
pottery ceased here, the buildings were probably used for a different
purpose - the production of lime. Among the finds was a pantry where
kitchen utensils and crockery were stored. A number of limestone structures were most
likely used as temporary housing for workers on the site. One room with a raised platform and
remains of terracotta statues was probably used for rituals. Some of these statues
represent the god Harpocrates - he took the place of the Egyptian god Horus in the Alexandrian triad
of gods, which also included Isis and Osiris. Egypt came under Roman rule in 30 BC. e., after
the death of Queen Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony. After the conquest, Egypt became a prosperous
Roman province that supplied the rest of the Roman Empire with a variety of goods, including pottery.
Three bronze swords in a pile of bones
Greek and Italian archaeologists have discovered several Mycenaean tombs in a necropolis near the
modern city of Eion (ancient Aegion). This place is identified with the ancient city of Ripa,
whose natives participated in the Greek colonization and founded Croton in Magna
Graecia. The message was published on the website of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Greece.
Despite the proximity to the ancient Greek cities of the Achaean Union, the necropolis belongs to
an earlier Mycenaean settlement, which has not yet been properly excavated. This year, archaeologists
discovered a large rectangular hall with a hearth in the center, the so-called megaron,
with ceramics typical of the 17th century BC. A remarkable find was made in tomb No. 8:
in the bone heaps of old burials of the 14th and 12th centuries BC, three bronze swords were found,
two of which retained parts of wooden hilts. Presumably, the swords were made
in the palace workshop, possibly even in Mycenae. Experts classified them as types D
(mid-15th century BC) and E (mid-13th century BC) according to the Sandars classification - this is
a classification of Greek bronze swords developed by the British archaeologist Nancy Sandars.
The presence of such expensive things in the necropolis near Aegion should not be surprising.
According to the ancient Greek historian Pausanias, it was in Aegion that "Agamemnon
gathered the most important and powerful leaders in Hellas in order to jointly consult on how
they should march on the kingdom of Priam." In addition to weapons, a clay figurine of a
horse, glass beads and carnelian were found in the grave goods of the shifted burials.
Clay plate with Homer's Odyssey
Archaeologists working in ancient Olympia (western Peloponnese) discovered during excavations a clay
tile with 13 verses from Homer's Odyssey. The tablet was created in the Roman era,
according to preliminary estimates, no later than the 3rd century AD.
This is the oldest fragment of the poem, found on the territory of the republic. According to
representatives of the Greek Ministry of Culture, the inscription, despite its brevity, is of great
archaeological and epigraphic significance. The fragment of the Odyssey found in Olympia
has already been read: this is an episode from the XIV song, one of the conversations of Odysseus,
the king of the island of Ithaca, with the swineherd Eumeus. The entire XIV canto of the poem
is dedicated to the stay of the unrecognized Odysseus in the house of his faithful servant,
who tells about the events that took place on the island during the 20 years that the
hero spent in the Trojan War and wanderings. The epic poem about the return of Odysseus,
one of the main heroes of the Greek war against the Trojans, was written around the 8th-7th
centuries BC. Consisting of more than 12 thousand lines, the Odyssey, along with
another Homeric poem, the Iliad, became one of the most important literary achievements of antiquity.
Already in the 3rd century BC, Lucius Livius Andronicus translated the poem into Latin.
"Gift to the Inca Gods" In Lake Titicaca, archaeologists-divers
found a box made of volcanic rocks. When they opened the box, they found
a llama carved from the shell of a spiny spondylus clam and a small gold leaf that may have been part
of a bracelet. Archaeologists suggest that the finds are offerings from the Incas who wanted
to propitiate their gods. The box of gifts was immersed in the lake at least 500 years ago.
Archaeologists believe that the box was not there by chance. Reef Kakai
is located north of Khoa. This indicates a spatial relationship between the two sites.
Lake Titicaca is one of the popular archaeological sites. Last year, archaeologists found evidence of
ritual offerings to unknown deities near the Isle of the Sun by the people of Tiwanaku.
They were the most powerful tribe of the Andean mountain range until the arrival
of the Incas around the 12th century AD. At the bottom of the lake, researchers found
sacrificed llamas, gold and stone jewelry, and ceramic incense burners. These artifacts date
back to between 500 and 1100 AD - about 500 years before the Incas came to Lake Titicaca.
The most ancient tanners
While sorting through some 12,000 bone fragments recovered from the Smugglers' Cave
off the Atlantic coast of Morocco, archaeologists noticed that some of them were smooth and shiny,
as if they were specially shaped by human hands. As a result of additional research,
scientists found that 62 found fragments are bone tools, which are from 120,000 to 90,000 years old.
Among them are several tools made from animal ribs, which are well known for their use as
"spatulas" for dressing fur and leather. In the same cave, bones of predators were found,
on which there were traces indicating the removal of the skin. Together,
carnivore bones and bone tools represent the earliest known evidence of human clothing making.
Secrets of the Vatican According to archaeological research,
the obelisk, which is located in St. Peter's Square, was made in Heliopolis, Ancient Egypt, but
it is not known during the time of which pharaoh. Then began its movement according to the tastes
and whims of the Roman emperors. Octavian Augustus first transported it to Alexandria,
Egypt in 30 BC, and then ordered it to be sent by ship to Rome by Caligula.
In order not to break during transportation, the obelisk was loaded onto a ship along with
1000 tons of lentils. Having completed its task, the ship was covered with volcanic ash and sank
near today's Ostia, becoming the base of the pier. The obelisk remained in place for more than 1,500
years, until in 1586 Pope Sixtus V decided to move it a few hundred meters to the side,
in the center of the square in front of the newly built basilica. The Pope planned to restore all
the obelisks that were then in Rome. To prevent the obelisk from becoming a
place of idolatry, the pope performed a ritual of exorcism, and then ordered a cross to be erected.
It is interesting that the text of the exorcism can still be seen - it is engraved in Latin on
the western and eastern parts of the obelisk. It is interesting that ordinary euros are used as
a means of payment in this country. But besides this, the Vatican also issues its own coins,
which used to depict a portrait of the ruling pontiff, and now the coat of arms of the Pope.
Commemorative coins are also minted. And ... money is sold, being a significant source of
income for the country. In addition to its own mint, which, of course, is open only to the elite,
a huge collection of old and rare coins can be found in the münzkabinet at the Vatican Library.
The funds of this museum have only officially 300 thousand different coins and medals, and how many
are hidden in the caches – impossible to count. After all, the possibilities of the Catholic
Church were endless, especially during the period of wars and the Great Geographical Discoveries.
Many wealthy Christians donated their wealth to the benefit of the church. Yes, and the
pontiffs themselves bought valuable artifacts. So, Pope Benedict XIV made a huge contribution
to the collection of coins. By his order, a collection of Greek and Roman coins belonging
to Cardinal Allesandro Albani was purchased. So the history of the current civilization
can be easily traced through these really old coins. This is a collector's dream come true.
In the Vatican, archaeologists have discovered hundreds of well-preserved graves in a Roman
necropolis dating from the reign of the ancient Roman emperors Nero and Gaius Julius Caesar.
The search engines found about 250 funerary altars, including headstones on the graves
of the Roman elite and freed slaves. The excavations have provided unexpected
insights into Roman life at the time, such as the transition of people from the lower classes to the
higher social strata, as well as changes in burial practices and the transformation of beliefs.
The Roman necropolis is located on the hill of the Vatican along the ancient Triumphal Way.
Archaeologists have explored only a small part of the territory: about 1000 square meters.
Tombs with human remains date back to the 1st-4th centuries AD. and include many
tombstones, funerary portraits and sculpted sarcophagi with the names of the buried.
They burned her down, but not to the ground
In what a desperate situation was the French heir Charles, if he appointed
a 17-year-old girl from the peasants as the commander-in-chief of his troops! And
how the world was shocked by the miracles that followed, if for almost six centuries
people have kept evidence of Jeanne's life: her ring, her home, her helmet - and her letters.
This ring, apparently, was with Zhanna almost all her life. Maybe it's a gift from parents.
The ring is cheap, it is not an ornament, but an object of personal piety. The letters
I and M are made in niello on the top face, and the inscriptions IHS and MAR on the two sides,
in both cases meaning Jesus Christ and Mary. The ring was made in the 15th century,
such was in fashion for a short time - and only in the area where Jeanne grew up.
Jeanne's critics have cited and continue to refer to the fact that Jeanne was very cruel
and repeatedly hit her enemies with a "wonderful sword". However, she didn't actually kill people
at all. Despite the fact that Jeanne had a sword (with which she is depicted in some paintings),
she often used her flag in battle. On May 29, 1431, the tribunal declared
Jeanne d'arc guilty of heresy. On the morning of May 30, she was taken to the market place in Rouen
and burned at the stake, in front of an estimated crowd of 10,000 people. She was 19 years old. One
legend surrounding the event tells how her heart survived the fire without being harmed. Her ashes
were collected and scattered in the Seine. Joan of Arc is one of the most mysterious
characters of the Middle Ages. And our channel is one of the most informative in Russian
and English YouTube. The largest number of archeological finds in one place! Write your
kind comments, and I will definitely answer them. Thanks for your views, bye everyone!