Hello everyone,
this is Andrew again from Crown Academy of English
for another English lesson today,
and we are going to look
at the future tense. So we are going to look at
verbs in the future tense and
in particular, we are going to look at the form
of "going to" plus
a verb...okay ... because in English there are
lots of different future tenses.
There are about four or five and
this is the first one we're going to look at. So
"going to" plus a verb.
Let's get started. So
for an example,
here we can see
somebody is
reading a book and
here ... so we can say in the future,
"Tonight I am going
to read a book." ... ok so this is talking
about the future and
the person is saying I am going to read
a book... ok ... So let's look at
this structure in more detail.
Let's conjugate the verb. So
we say "I am going to read", "You
are going to read", "He /
she / it is going to read",
"We are going to read"
and "They
are going to read." So this
is an example of
"going to" and
you should be able to see there is a pattern here.
So let's
look at this in more detail. So
we separate this part out and we can see that there are in fact
two parts of the structure. The first part
on the left is
the present progressive of the verb
"to go" .. okay ... so
if you do not know what the present progressive
is, then ...
I advise you to look at my other lesson.
So it's on the screen now here ...
I have another lesson
on explaining what the present progressive is.
So it is the present progressive
of the verb "to go" ... so "I am going",
"You are going", "He / she / it is going",
"We are going", "They are going"....
and all of them are followed
by the word "to" and then
the verb in the infinitive... so the base verb.
So this example is
"to read" So
to summarise, the structure ...
the form is present progressive of the verb "to go" ...
plus the infinitive
of the verb. So this is.... the
infinitive means the base verb.
So the infinitive is the word "to"
followed by the verb...
okay...
and now
let's look at the other forms
of the structure. So here we are, we have already seen this
on the left so I'm not going to explain it again.
So this is the affirmative... and the other form we can have
is the question form.
So let's look at the question form: "am I going to read?",
"are you going to read",
"is he / she /
it going to read?", "are we going to read?"
and "are they
going to read?". So this is just a normal
question form. So we
reverse the order of
the subject "I" with ...
"am"
So this is the verb "to be".
Again, you should watch my lesson on the
present progressive if you don't understand this.
So "am I going?" is
the question form of "I am going" ...
and then we always follow it with the infinitive
plus the verb... the infinitive form of the verb...
so "are you going to read?"
And finally, let's look at the negative
form: "I am
not going to read",
"you are not going to read",
"he / she / it is not going to read",
"we are not going to read",
and "they are not going
to read." So...
the important word here is the word "not".
So in the negative, we
add the word "not"
in between the verb "to be" here
and the word "going".
so "going" is the present progressive
of the verb "to go"
So everywhere, on all of these, we add the word "not",
"not", "not", "not"
and "not".
ok? So we have the affirmative, the question
and the negative.
Now let's look at some uses of
"going to".
So the first main use
is an action
in the future that has been planned
or prepared. So it is a
future tense and we use it to describe
something that is going to happen in the future ...
in the future ... and we have planned it,
or it is prepared ... so we know
it is going to happen
Let's look at some examples:
Example 1
"I am going to buy a car next week." So
this is planned...
okay ... we know we are going to buy a car. It's next week
and so we say "I am going to buy a car
next week". So it is prepared.
We know it's going to happen. So we use
"going to". So this is "going to"
and this is the verb "to buy"
example 2:
"Tomorrow, We are going to visit London." Tomorrow
is in the future and
"we are going to visit London."
So "going" we are going
and then we have
"to visit" - this is the verb in the infinitive form -
"to visit" ... and
the last example is:
"After lunch ... after lunch,
he is going to call Mr Brown." So
"he is going" - this is the "going"
part and then it is followed by
the verb in the infinitive - "he is going to call".
So "to call" is the verb....."Mr Brown"
So "after lunch". Lunch is when we
eat during the day.
So this is indicating that it is in the future. So again,
all of these examples are actions which are
planned or prepared.....alright?
So we know they are going to happen. Let's look at
another use of "going to"
So
another use is a conclusion of something
in the immediate future ... okay?
So we can also call this
an expectation. So based
on something in the present... so there is a situation
in the present...
and from that, we know
what is going to happen in the future. Example:
"There
are lots of clouds in the sky. It is going to rain."
So the first part of the sentence
shows the present. So in the present,
right now, we can see there are lots of clouds
in the sky. So because of that,
in the future we know that
it is going to rain. So that is
what I mean when I talk about
a conclusion... okay... an expectation.
It is expected that it is going to rain.
So because of
this situation in the present, we know in the future
that it is going to rain. So we use the future tense...
we use "going to
rain" .. "going" plus the verb in the infinitive.
So
another example: "David
missed the bus. He is going to be late.
So David here, he
woke up late. He woke up and
he missed the bus. He was late for the bus.
So because of THIS...
then the conclusion is
THIS. So the conclusion is "He is going to be late."
So "he is going" is the "going"
part of the structure and then
the verb is "to be". So "he is going
to be" - So this is the infinitive
of the verb "to be". "going to be late".
Ok, so that is the two
uses of this future tense okay?
Now,
we're going to look now at some
informal ... an informal version
of this. So,
native speakers... native English speakers...
so people like myself or other people
who live in England or in America
or Canada or anywhere
where they are native English speakers... we often say
"gonna" okay? You probably hear it a lot in films, movies,
on television, or if you
know somebody who is
a native English speaker... you will hear them say the word "gonna"...
and let's have an example:
So
"I'm thirsty. I'm gonna have a drink."
so this, you'll often hear
being said by native speakers...
and this is the same
as .... "I'm thirsty.
I'm going to have a drink." So these two
sentences here.... they have the same
meaning ok? So
"gonna" is the same
as "going to". So this is what has changed.
"gonna" has replaced "going
to"...and the reason people say "gonna"
is because when they are speaking quickly,
it is easier to say
"gonna" than "going to".
"going to" is quite long
to say. So when native speakers are
speaking quickly, they say
"I'm gonna"... ok?
BUT important,
be careful...
because gonna is NOT good
English... okay. This is important ok...
it is NOT good English.
It is very informal okay....
So people often say it in an informal
context for example
young people speaking with
other young people or
speaking to somebody in the street...
okay? But you would never
say this, for example, in a job interview.
If you had a job interview and somebody was saying
"gonna", then it's .... it's not very good!
Ok, so it is informal,
used in informal English....
and it's usually only spoken English
okay? You should not write it. Do NOT
write "gonna". That would be bad if you
were writing a letter to somebody, for example,
you should never write the word "gonna"
ok... the only time you would write it
would be if you are quoting
somebody. So if you are writing
direct speech. But
most of the time, you should never write the word
"gonna"
But, I have to say, it is very common
alright? You are going to hear it a lot...
okay. If you watch any
television, American television or
British television then you will hear the word "gonna"
a lot... okay so ...
it is bad English but it is important
that I explain it to you because
you will hear it a lot so you need to understand it.
Ok so now you know if you hear the word "gonna",
the person its actually saying "going to"...
okay. So it's very informal,
bad English, but you will hear it a lot.
It is used a lot in .. in
English okay... by native
speakers.
Okay, so let's
do some exercises.
So the first one I would like you to put the verbs
in brackets in the correct form
using "going to".
Example:
So this is the question.
And for all of these
exercises, the verb in brackets...
so these are the brackets.... I want you to put
this verb into the "going to" form.
So the answer here would be...
"She is going to wear
her blue dress at the party." .. okay.
So now you will... I will give you the question
and you will get ten seconds to
answer it. So if you need more than 10 seconds,
then you should pause
the video... ok. So you'll get 10 seconds.
Question 1:
The answer is "I am going to help
my sister tomorrow." Question two:
"Sarah is going to cook my favourite meal tonight."
Question 3:
And the answer is..."My parents are going to sell their house
next year." So my parents...
so this is plural...
"My parents..." and
so we use the third person plural "My parents
are going" and then the verb
is "sell"... so we put it in the infinitive
"My parents are going to sell
their house next year." ..ok
Now let's just have a quick look at
some vocabulary that we have used. So
"HOUSE". So this is a house
here on the photograph. A house
is where people live. it's a building
where people live ... and
on this particular house we can see...
this part of the house
here... this is the ROOF.
So the top of the house is
the roof, and on
this roof we can see there is some snow
in fact.. this is some white snow
on the roof and
here.... this
is a CHIMNEY. The chimney
is where smoke comes
out if there is a fire.
Exercise two. So this time,
similar exercise. Put the verbs in brackets
in the correct QUESTION form. So this time
I want you to
make some questions. So I want you to make some questions
using the verb
"wear", for example... using the verb
"wear" and "he" ...
ok...so
this is the question....and the answer for this one would be...
"Is he going to wear his red tie?"
So remember the rules for making the question.
We reverse the subject
with the verb "to be"
and then it is "going to
wear" Okay same again,
you get 10 seconds for each question starting
now. Question 1:
The answer is "Are you going to clean
the bathroom later?" Question two:
"Is John going to watch the football tonight?"
Question three:
"Are we going to visit Buckingham Palace tomorrow?" So "Are we going to visit
Buckingham Palace tomorrow?"
Okay... so those are the answers.
That is how we make questions using
"going to". Now
let's look at some vocabulary. So,
what is Buckingham Palace? Well...
oops sorry! First of all, we will look at
"red tie". So this is a tie..
okay. This is a tie. It is
something that a man wears
on his shirt. So if a man
wears a suit and a shirt,
then he will wear a tie as well.
So it's this here. Now,
Buckingham Palace. What is Buckingham Palace?
Well this is it.
It is a very famous palace.
A very famous building in London and
it is where the Queen of England lives ok.. So Queen
Elizabeth II lives
in Buckingham Palace okay...
and you can see
on the roof.... so on the top
of Buckingham Palace, there is
a flag okay?
Can you see the flag on the roof? Well
the flag is there
when the Queen
is there. So if the flag
is raised, then that means
the Queen of England is present.
It means she is currently inside
Buckingham Palace. So
if the flag is NOT
there... if you cannot see the flag,
it means that the Queen of England
is not inside Buckingham Palace.
Okay that's just a
little story for you! A true story! It's a fact!
And
the third exercise... the same exercise but
this time I want you to put
the verb in brackets in the negative...
the negative. Example:
So for this one, I want you to put
the verb "sing"... I want you to
put it in the negative using
"going to". So the answer
for this one would be "She is not going to sing
at the concert on Friday." "She is not going to sing
at the concert on Friday." Okay,
same again 10 seconds
for each question. Question one:
"I am not going to be rude to my teacher."
"I am NOT going to be rude
to my teacher." Okay... "rude"
means ... it is the opposite
of "polite".... the opposite of "polite".
Question two:
"We are not going to play football after work."
Question three:
"They are not going to eat too much tomorrow." Okay,
so that is the end. Just very quickly, we can
see that ....
so the answer... when we do the negative...
it is the word "not"
that is important. So we put the word
"not" between the verb
"to be" and the word
"going". So "They are NOT
going to eat too much tomorrow."
So this is the verb in the infinitive form.
"to eat". And here,
let's look at some vocabulary. So let's look at the word
"sing". So
this is "to sing". "Sing"...
is well.... it's this.... it's somebody
who is making music. So we say that they are
singing a song. So she is
singing a song. And here,
in her hand, she is holding a "microphone".
So she's holding a microphone.
Okay, so
that is
the.... the end of the lesson. So
if you enjoyed the lesson and you ...
you like the lesson, and you would like to
watch more of my videos, then please subscribe to my channel
by clicking here on the screen okay :-)
And here are...
a suggestion of perhaps two other videos that you might enjoy.
So here on the left,
this is a video
about the present continuous (progressive) tense.
So if you aren't too sure
about how to use the present continuous tense,
then you can click here and watch that video. And here, on the right...
this is a vocabulary lesson...
and it is words about taking the train.
So this is like a video lesson
and it gives you lots and lots of words
about trains and stations.
So you can click here as well if you want to watch that video.
Okay so that is the end
of the lesson. Thank you very much for watching.
My name is Andrew at Crown Academy of English.
Thanks very much and I'll see you next time :-)
Bye bye!