JUDY WOODRUFF: Now to the second report in our week-long series on child care in the
U.S.
Tonight, special correspondent Cat Wise and producer Kate McMahon report from Mississippi,
where many working parents have struggled to find affordable, quality child care long
before the pandemic.
Among those most impacted, single mothers, who often are stuck in low-paying jobs and
have a difficult time accessing government support.
Our series is called Raising the Future: America's Child Care Dilemma.
CAT WISE: Mississippi is one of the poorest states in the country, has the highest rate
of child poverty and, like pretty much everywhere, child care is expensive.
ETHEL WILLIAMS, Mother: There was a lot of times I would quit jobs or just stay at home
because it was easier that way.
CAT WISE: Ethel Williams is a 42-year-old single mother of five. She grew up in Jackson,
Mississippi, and worked for years in low-paying jobs. Like many parents who can't afford reliable
child care, she had to come up with patchwork solutions, which included having her older
kids watch their younger siblings.
ETHEL WILLIAMS: I wanted to be able to work. I wanted a career. I wanted a place where
my kids could grow and be kids, and not have to worry about the responsibility of taking
care of the younger kids and having such a burden on them at a young age.
CAT WISE: Ethel's story is not unique. Mississippi has the nation's highest rate of women as
primary breadwinners for families. Most are in low-paying jobs living below the poverty
line, with little to nothing left to pay for child care.
According to one study, a typical family in Mississippi with an infant and a 4-year-old
has to spend about 20 percent their income on child care. But there are federal programs
to help low-income parents, Head Start and child care subsidies in the form of vouchers.
And neither program is universal.
Carol Burnett is director of the nonprofit Mississippi Low-Income Child Care Initiative.
CAROL BURNETT, Director, Mississippi Low-Income Child Care initiative: We do a lot of work
trying to help parents navigate the mine field of applying for a child care voucher. And
it's not just the funding. It's the application process that's incredibly burdensome, the
multiple obstacles that stand in the way.
CAT WISE: Nationally, only one in seven children who are eligible for child care subsidies
under federal rules actually receive them.
LEA AUSTIN, Center for the Study of Child Care Employment Director, U.C. Berkeley: It
is a critical part of our infrastructure.
CAT WISE: Child care as a safety net program is just not working, according to U.C. Berkeley's
Lea Austin. She's the director of the Center for the Study of Child Care Employment.
LEA AUSTIN: There is not enough of those child care subsidies today to make sure everybody
who needs it gets access to it. And so those -- that just has a domino effect, right? If
you can't -- we know, if you can't access child care, the impact that has on your ability
to work. You may not work at all. You may have to reduce your earnings.
CAT WISE: Ethel Williams is one of those who had challenges with government child care
assistance. She says the co-payments required of parents in Mississippi were manageable
when she was making minimum wage, but when she began earning $3 more an hour, her subsidy
decreased. And, at that point, child care was just too expensive.
ETHEL WILLIAMS: I had to think, like, what do I do? Because I would be working to pay
child care. And so I made a conscious decision to go back to working at McDonald's, because
this is how the system was set up.
CHAD ALLGOOD, Mississippi Department of Human Services: We're constantly looking at our
processes. How can we make them better?
CAT WISE: Chad Allgood is in charge of the state's child care assistance program at the
Mississippi Department of Human Services.
CHAD ALLGOOD: We haven't had a waiting list in four years. But I don't think that we are
serving all the children that need to be served. I think there are parents out there that don't
know that the assistance exists.
And that's one of the things that we're looking at is, how do we -- how do we market this
program better?
CAT WISE: He says tracking child care needs is difficult, but there may be as many as
170,000 children in the state living at or near the poverty level and potentially eligible
for assistance. Currently, only 24,000 children are in the program.
But more families may soon get child care help, thanks to pandemic relief funds. Mississippi
received about $520 million from the American Rescue Plan for child care; $319 million will
go to providers. The state is still finalizing how to spend the rest.
But Allgood says, if the federal funding isn't permanent, providers may be hurt in the long
run.
CHAD ALLGOOD: When we look at expanding our voucher, the vouchers that we offer, we just
want to be very intentional that we do so in a way that our current child care providers
are going to be able to meet the need without putting additional strain on them.
You don't want to build up all this capacity and then not be able to sustain it.
CAT WISE: Carol Burnett sees things differently. She wants more funding to get to low-income
parents as soon as possible.
CAROL BURNETT: There need to be more vouchers, and the vouchers need to be easier to get
and keep. That is the story about child care in Mississippi.
CAT WISE: She says the issues in her state are similar to questions being asked all around
the country.
CAROL BURNETT: We're very conflicted about whether we really want moms to be able to
get that child care and not stay home with their children like they're supposed to.
It's rooted in gender bias. It's also rooted in racism, because a lot of the assistance
for poor families, and especially in my state here in Mississippi, the recipients of these
vouchers are largely Black families. And the inequities that they face thwart their efforts
every -- at every turn.
CAT WISE: Those inequities were a driving force behind a program Burnett created in
Biloxi a decade ago, Women in Construction, which combines job training with free and
easy to access child care.
The program has helped transform the lives of Ethel Williams and about 800 other single
low-income mothers. After completing the program, Williams became the lead instructor. She now
earns $20 an hour, plus benefits, teaching construction-related skills.
Following the devastation of Hurricane Katrina, the program was started to meet a large need
for skilled construction workers. Hourly wages typically start around $15, nearly double
the state's minimum wage.
Combining job training with child care, is that a powerful combination?
CAROL BURNETT: It is the magic road for economic security, because job training is super helpful,
but if a mom doesn't have child care, she can't do it. Child care is super helpful,
but if it's only to allow her to go to a $7.25-an-hour job, it's not all she needs.
CAT WISE: Twenty-six-year-old Ayanna Ruffin recently enrolled in the program. She's a
single mom with a 9-month-old son who says she has a hard time putting food on the table
working as a hairstylist.
AYANNA RUFFIN, Program Enrollee: I can see the future in it.
CAT WISE: How's the future look?
AYANNA RUFFIN: Man, I'm loving the future. I'm stepping out now, so I can get into a
new field and be able to be a provider for my son, And not have to depend on nobody else
to take care of him.
CAT WISE: Ethel Williams is now living the future she saw. And she's started taking her
family on out-of-state vacations, something she says she never had the money to do before.
ETHEL WILLIAMS: I feel like I have all the tools after coming through the program to
get anything, to accomplish anything.
CAT WISE: She's now passing along those tools and some inspiration to the mothers coming
along behind her.
For the "PBS NewsHour, " I'm Cat Wise in Mississippi.
JUDY WOODRUFF: And join us tomorrow night, as our series travels to Nebraska, where a
lack of affordable child care highlights how rural parts of the country face a dilemma
similar in many ways to those in major cities too.
And you can watch last night's story and all of our coverage in this series on our Web
site, PBS.org/NewsHour.