Hello.
Today I will explain to you
how to use measure words in Korean.
In English we have
cup, stem, pair, drops, and a few others.
And in the Korean language
the list is quite long.
Here you see the most common
measure words in Korean.
개, 권, 병, 잔, 장, 대, 명, 분, 그릇, 송이, 벌, 채, 켤레, 마리, 척, 곡, 편
There are a few usage rules you need to know.
These measure words are used only
with native Korean numbers.
Next,
you need to follow a word order.
A noun, native Korean number, a measure word
'사람 2명' '2 persons'
'책 1권' '1 book'
And one more rule is
You should add particles to measure words.
Not to a noun or a number
'책 1권을 샀어요.'
Not '책을 1권 샀어요.' Okay?
Also, when you use native Korean numbers
with measure words
you should remember about a few exceptions.
If a number is either 1, 2, 3, or 4
or it ends with 1, 2, 3, or 4
the last letter drops
'하나' became '한'
'둘' became '두'
'셋' is '세'
and '넷' is '네'
Let’s take a look at
how to use the measure words in sentences.
Pause the video and see if you can translate
these four sentences into Korean.
‘I have five friends.’
‘저는 친구 5명 있어요.’
‘Yesterday I went to a bookstore and bought one book.’
‘어제 서점에 가서 책 1권을 샀어요.’
‘서점’ is a ‘bookstore’.
And here I used a grammatical construction
‘~아서/~어서/~여서’ not ‘~고’
because it is a sequence of actions
and the actions are related to each other.
‘My friend has two cars.’
‘제 친구가 차 2대 있어요.’
and ‘I drank three cups of tea.’
‘저는 차 3잔을 마셨어요.’
Yeah, ‘car’ and ‘tea’ are ‘차’ in Korean.
Let’s learn how to count time
which is very important to know.
To count time in Korean
we use both Sino-Korean numbers
and native korean numbers
followed by a measure word.
As you can see in most cases
we use Sino-Korean numbers.
Only when you count hours
you need to use a native Korean number.
Also, when you count months
you can either use
a measure word ‘개월’
which is derived from Chinese.
That’s why you need to use a Sino-Korean number,
or you can use the measure word ‘달’.
In this case, you have to use a native Korean number.
Oftentimes, the Korean language learners
forget to use ‘개’
They say ‘5월’ instead of ‘5개월’
But you shouldn’t make such mistakes.
Because ‘5월’ and ‘5개월’
have two different meanings.
‘5월’ is ‘May’ and ‘5개월’ is ‘5 months’
Also, ‘년’ is used to count years
and if you want to say someone’s age
use another word
‘살’
3년
3살
You also shouldn’t confuse the words
‘시’ and ‘시간’
‘시간’ is used to count amount of hours
and ‘시’ is used to tell time.
‘I have been driving for seven hours.’
‘7시간’
And ‘I came at 7 o’clock.’
‘7시’
And lastly, with physical quantities
Koreans use Sino-Korean numbers.
These are examples of physical quantities.
And you can check out the full list
of physical quantities in Wikipedia.
Pause the video and try to translate
these sentences into English.
‘평균’ is ‘average’
‘기온’ is ‘temperature’,
‘영하’ is ‘below zero’
'영' is 'zero' and '하' is 'below'
Here are the answers.
Pause the video again
to compare my translation with yours.
In the next lesson you will learn Imperative mood.
And I will be using these new words.