hey guys welcome to this mometrix video
about the endocrine system the endocrine
system plays an important role in our
bodies it regulates several critical
functions including growth reproduction
and stress in this video we'll delve
into these different functions and see
how useful it is in our everyday lives
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the endocrine system consists of a
series of glands that produce in secrete
hormones those hormones regulate several
human body functions including growth
sexual function and reproduction the
endocrine system contains the pituitary
gland the thyroid gland the parathyroid
glands adrenal glands and the ovaries
and females in the testicles in males
these glands are in or near a number of
organs including the brain kidneys and
the pancreas let's take a more detailed
look the pituitary gland is a small
organ with a big responsibility the
gland is only the size of a pea but it's
referred to as the master gland because
it secretes hormones throughout your
body these hormones direct body
processes or force other glands to
produce hormones the pituitary gland has
two parts the anterior located at the
front of the gland and the posterior
located on the rear the anterior and
posterior sections each produce specific
hormones let's take a closer look at the
two we'll start with the anterior
pituitary which produces far more
hormones than the posterior we're going
to take a look at nine of these hormones
first the growth hormone or gh this
hormone stimulates growth focusing on
the bones and muscles gh stimulates
growth in children and then in adults
helps maintain muscle and bone mass
number two is prolactin nearly eight and
ten mother's breastfeed their newborn
babies according to the Centers for
Disease Control prolactin plays a
critical role because that's the hormone
that stimulates breast milk production
prolactin always affects sex hormone
levels and for
Tildy in women and men next we have the
adrenocorticotropic hormone this hormone
stimulates cortisol the so called stress
hormone it's also known for controlling
the human fight-or-flight instinct and
works with the brain to manage emotions
like mood and fear cortisol also plays
several other important roles
it increases glucose which increases
blood sugar it also regulates blood
pressure boosts energy and manages the
carbohydrate fat and protein use in the
body when the body is under stress it
produces more cortisol number four is
endorphins when you feel pain or
pleasure
you have endorphins to think and orphans
are often referred to as the body's
natural pain killer but the hormone is
also the body's pleasure center the body
releases endorphins during periods of
stress including exercise and works with
the brain to lessen our perception of
pain next we have in Kevin's these are
closely related to endorphins because
they also release hormones that help
control pain number six is the beta
Milano site stimulating hormone this
helps protect the skin from ultraviolet
radiation it also can help suppress
appetite for number seven we have the
luteinizing hormone which helps
stimulate testosterone production in men
and estrogen production in women next we
have the follicle stimulating hormone
this hormone has a different function in
men and in women and women the hormone
helps produce estrogen and egg growth
while and men this hormone is critical
in sperm production finally number nine
is the thyroid stimulating hormone this
is your regulatory machine because it
regulates the number of hormones the
thyroid releases it's critical to
metabolism those are the components of
the anterior pituitary now we'll look at
the two components of the posterior
pituitary first we'll look at the
vasopressin it's the hormone that helps
the body prevent dehydration by helping
you conserve water that's why it's
called the anti direct core moan
secondly there's oxytocin
this one works hand-in-hand with
prolactin while prolactin stimulates
breast milk production oxytocin
stimulates the release of breast milk it
also works in the uterus because it
helps stimulate contractors during labor
now we'll move on to some of the other
glands in the pituitary the thyroid
gland is located at the base of your
neck and it's shaped like a butterfly
the thyroid gland controls how your body
uses energy it controls our metabolism
but also regulates several bodily
functions including heart rate breathing
and body weight the thyroid produces two
important hormones triad of thyromine
called
t3 for short in the rock scene called t4
those hormones come from the iodine in
the food we eat
when t3 and t4 enter our bloodstream
they regulate how fast our cells in
metabolism work for example these
hormones determine how fast or slow our
heart beats and the rate at which our
intestines process food the pituitary
gland along with the hypothalamus in the
brain makes sure t3 and t4 are in
balance if they're not that imbalance
can cause health issues for example too
much t3 and t4 can make you nervous and
hyperactive too little can make you
depressed tired and result in difficulty
concentrating a smallest pituitary gland
is it's a giant compared to the
parathyroid glands these four glands are
all the size of a grain of rice but
their small size doesn't mean they have
a small job you see the parathyroid
glands regulate the body's calcium
levels you've seen those commercials
before the ones that say calcium build
strong bones well they're right the
parathyroid glands store calcium in our
bones where it's stored until other
parts of our body need it the glands
also control how much calcium our bodies
absorb from our food and how much
calcium our kidneys excrete now we've
been in these situations before your
palms get sweaty your heart races and
it's all because of stress
that's the adrenal glands spring
into action the adrenal glands produce
adrenaline the hormone that triggers the
fight-or-flight response in humans and
while that's what the adrenal glands are
best known for they have other functions
as well let's dive into the adrenal
glands in their functions there are two
adrenal glands and they both sit on top
of your kidneys the adrenal cortex
produces cortisol and aldosterone we
covered cortisol the so called stress
hormone earlier in the video aldosterone
has a direct effect on regulating blood
pressure because it conserves sodium
secretes potassium and retains water the
adrenal cortex is located on the outer
part of the adrenal gland every one of
the hormone secreted by the adrenal
cortex is vital to life the adrenal
medulla which is the inner part of the
adrenal gland produces several hormones
including adrenaline the hormones
produced by the adrenal medulla are not
essential to life now we'll move to the
male and female reproductive systems
women have two ovaries that are critical
to fertility the ovaries about the size
of a large grape produce eggs that can
be fertilized you might ask yourself why
the ovaries are considered a hormone
well it's because the ovaries secrete
two hormones important to reproductive
health estrogen and progesterone let's
take a closer look at those hormones
starting with estrogen estrogen plays a
critical role in female growth
development in childbearing there are
actually three estrogens that all work
together
first there's estradiol estradiol helps
the female reproductive organs grow the
placenta produces estradiol which is why
estradiol levels rise during pregnancy
secondly there's ester own if any
hormones has ever gotten a bad name it's
this one Estrin has been linked to
moodiness and weight gain and is
produced in a more prominent way during
menopause lastly there's Estrella
Estrella all comes into play during
pregnancy when the body releases the
hormone into the bloodstream
astral helps nourish the baby and the
placenta after
earth Australia levels in the body drop
progesterone also plays an important
part during pregnancy after ovulation
progesterone helps get the uterus ready
for a fertilized egg by thickening the
uterine lining
if there is no fertilized egg present
the level of progesterone drops and then
menstruation begins so those are the
female hormones now let's talk about the
male hormones the testes produce
testosterone hormone critical to the
physical development of boys during
puberty testosterone production results
in several body changes including
lowered voice growing facial hair
becoming taller and increasing muscle
mass as men testosterone aids in sperm
production maintains strength and mass
and maintains sex drive that's our
overview of the endocrine system it
regulates several critical functions in
our body including growth reproduction
and stress I hope this overview was
helpful if you enjoyed it then be sure
to give us a thumbs up and subscribe to
our channel for further videos see you
guys next time
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