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In the previous episode of "The Shot List",
we broke down all the most commonly used shot sizes
in the filmmaker's toolbox.
But once the camera shot size is determined
the question becomes,
how should I compose the subjects in each frame?
"- And...
...action, Dirk."
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This is episode 2
of "The Shot List".
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Framing.
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Now, let's get into the proper frame of mine.
These are the most commonly used framing options
to cover action in a scene.
"- I've never seen anything like this."
Singles, which can be clean or dirty.
Two-shot.
Over the shoulder.
Point of view.
And finally the insert.
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Our first framing convention
the Single.
A single shot features one character
alone in the frame.
The individual character
is the primary focus.
But there are two ways to frame a single.
A clean single
is when no part of any other character
is visible in the frame.
It's best to use
when you want to convey a character's isolation.
Whereas a dirty single,
includes a limited presence from another character in the frame.
And don't forget that singles,
like all of the framing options
can be combined with any of the shot sizes
we covered in the last video.
Whether it's a close up,
a medium shot
or a wide shot.
The single still applies.
When two characters are visible together in frame
this is called the two-shot.
The orientation of the characters to one another can vary.
But to be considered two-shot
both phases must be clearly visible.
The two-shot is all about creating visual relationship
between two characters.
This relationship might be affectionate,
contentious
or even imaginary.
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When more characters are added to the frame
the terminology adjusts to
three shot.
Four shot.
And so on.
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There is no official limit
on how high this number can go.
"- One, two, three, four, five."
But numbering this would be overkill.
Best to just call it a crowd shot.
Remember that no matter
how many characters you include in a single frame.
You are creating a relationship between them.
The most common and useful way of covering a conversation
is the over-the-shoulder shot.
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And OTS shot acts like a hybrid
between a single and a two shot.
And similar to a single,
we're often only focusing on one character at a time.
From these OTS angles,
we get perspectives from both sides
and a sense that we are included in the moment.
"- Can I help you?
- I hope so.
- I'm an old friend of George's
thought I stop and say hello."
When you want the audience to experience the perspective of a character,
it can be effective to frame up a point of view
or POV shot.
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The idea of the POV can cover a wide range of perspectives.
A person.
An alien.
A camera.
A disembodied spirit.
Or even a shark.
In many cases, a POV shot is also paired with POV audio
so we can see what they see
and hear what they hear.
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The insert shot
is not just about going extremely tight on a detail.
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The way the information is framed
is often even more important
than how prominent it is on screen.
Inserts can also be combined with POV shots.
A first-person perspective.
Or are we looking at the insert shot
from a third-person perspective?
Or a hybrid frame like this.
Both an elegant insert
and an effective POV.
We've covered the most common types of camera framing
but now let's put it all together.
Let's look at Bong Joon-Ho's "Parasite".
This sequence of scenes
is about the physical and ideological connections
between family members.
Watch how the director ties them together
through framing decisions.
An ultra-wide four shot
of the Kim's in the Park family's backyard.
An insert shot of four whiskey glasses been filled.
A medium four shot of the Kim family.
A hybrid four shot. OTS. POV.
A close-up dirty single.
A dirty single.
A dirty two shot.
A dirty OTS shot.
A complimentary OTS.
A dirty single.
A full four shot.
A two shot.
Pans over to a different two shot.
The pan continues to a three shot.
A dirty single.
And OTS shot.
A clean single.
Pans over to frame another clean single.
Lastly, a wide four shot.
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As we've seen
the way you frame a shot
helps guide the scene in the desired direction.
Once you understand what you want to achieve in the scene,
you can decide how best to frame your subjects.
Plan out your shots in detail before production.
We shot-listing using StudioBinder.
If you're looking to create and collaborate on a shot-list,
you can find a link in the description.
In the next episode of the shot-list,
we'll explore every camera angle.
Subscribe and click the bell to get notified
as we release our next filmmaking techniques video.
In the meantime,
happy framing.
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