[ Music ]
I see a winking invitation to find something entirely new.
>> We want to know where we came from, where everything started.
>> Why anything exists.
Why anything?
>> How the tiniest things comprise the biggest things
in the universe.
>> Why is there matter in the universe at all?
And does it have to do with neutrinos?
[ Music ]
>> Neutrinos are the second most abundant particle
in the universe.
They're small, but they have big implications.
>> The way they behave is something that is the kind
of thing that ties you into mental knots.
>> These particles, which are building blocks of nature,
they can be so mischievous.
>> If you start off with a particular flavor of neutrino,
and as that neutrino then travels hundreds
of miles, they change.
>> Neutrinos have been very elusive.
It's taken us decades even to prove they exist,
let alone figure out what they're doing.
>> So if you want to make really precise measurements
to take things beyond the level of understanding we have now --
>> You need a really ambitious long term vision --
an experiment that breaks all the boundaries
and that's what DUNE is going to be.
>> This program is looking for CP violation
in the neutrino sector.
Looking for differences between neutrino oscillations
and antineutrino oscillations and hoping to give us a hint
for why we live in a matter-dominated universe.
>> I was a kid when the Apollo program was starting.
And I don't know whether I would put this
at the same excitement I had when I was eight years old,
but you're getting a chance to glimpse something
that no one else has been able to see before.
I think it's a real adventure.
[ Music ]
>> Five, four, three, two, one.
[ Babbling Brook ]
>> This is where the story started of the neutrinos,
from the sun, and where the first puzzles
from neutrinos came about.
We're here trying to build a new international collaboration
in the U.S. with partnership of other international labs,
like CERN, and with partnership from countries around the world
and scientists so that we figure out the mysteries
around the physics of the neutrinos.
>> We picked South Dakota because the state
of South Dakota had already built a beautiful underground
science lab and it was the right distance away from Fermilab,
so that when we shoot the neutrinos from Fermilab
to South Dakota, there is a good chance
that they'll do what we're interested in, which is changing
from one kind of neutrino to the other.
>> Lead, for 125 years, was basically a company mining town.
When Homestake decided to close down, the main economic engine
within Lead was coming to an end.
We completed the development of the lab in May of 2012.
The experiments that we have underground now started
to move in right after that.
We've been assembling and operating ever since.
>> The first experiment that showed evidence
for neutrino oscillations was done at this site.
This is really where the kind of science that we're trying
to do began in some ways.
>> Those experiments were visionary,
but you can only learn so much by looking
at neutrinos from the sun.
What's different about DUNE is by making beams
of neutrinos coming from Fermilab,
we get to control what kind of neutrinos we're making.
We know what they are when they leave Fermilab
and so you have a controlled experiment instead
of just looking up into the sky.
>> We start off actually with a beam of protons
and point it to South Dakota.
When we accelerate those protons,
make lots of other particles by smashing the protons
into a target, and those other particles then decay
into neutrinos.
>> The detector, the thing that it enables us to sort of image,
the interactions with the neutrinos, is also the target.
We're going to build four modules
that are 10 kilotons each.
>> We're sending physical things from one place to another
and the scale to do that stretches the 1300 kilometers
between those two places.
The technologies we have to invent,
the gigantic caverns we have to dig out...
>> When all of us, from the miners to the engineers,
the physicists, we're all playing different roles
and making it happen.
>> We're really talking about something that's so big
that it has to be done truly at the planetary level.
[ Music ]
>> We've assembled a worldwide community
of people interested in doing this.
>> The model we are following is exactly the model of CERN.
>> The LHC was really the first full-scale demonstration
such international projects can function.
Regardless of the political developments of the world,
our goal is to understand science
and to understand neutrinos.
[ Music ]
>> Physics for all humanity right now has become
of pinnacle importance because it changes the way of our life
in a very fundamental way.
>> While you are doing the experiment,
you may find something totally unexpected.
>> What begins with those basic questions
about let's just understand the universe often turns
into things that are useful.
>> The first effects come from people and technology.
>> The pursuit of curiosity has naturally led
to that kind of advancement.
>> So if you care about the cutting edge,
not just of science, but also technology,
you need to support these kinds of efforts that pull
in the best people from around the world
to push the limits of everything.
>> If it's anything like the space program was --
and all we were going to do was put a man on the moon.
Well, look at the peripherals that spun off of that.
Basically, the same thing I think will happen here.
>> Physics is part of our culture.
>> The drive to understand this is very similar in some ways
to the drive that artists have to expand experience.
>> Answering a question begets a host of new questions.
>> How did we get here?
What led to us being here?
And we find as physicists we can't answer that question
until we really know all the details.
>> We seek for those questions and it is
that which makes us human.
>> We're all searching and we're all trying to get
to truth, wherever it is.
[ Music ]
>> Hope the voyage is a long one,
full of adventures, full of discoveries.
Laestrygonians and Cyclops, angry Poseidon --
don't be afraid of them.
You will never find things like that so long
as you keep your thoughts raised high.
So long as rare excitement stirs your body and spirit.
Laestrygonians and Cyclops, wild Poseidon --
you won't encounter them unless you bring them along inside
your soul.
Unless your soul sets them up in front of you.
Hope the voyage is a long one.
Full of adventures.
Full of discovery.
[ Music ]