In another lesson, we talked about there is "اضافه" construction and we said that
the construction is the connection between two words by using
the short sound "eh." And then we talked about three usages. The first one was
possessive that we talked about. Now we are going to talk about the second usage
of the "ezafeh" construction, which is adjective.
In Farsi, between a noun and its adjective, there the "ezafeh" sound "eh."
So let's look at some examples:
فیلم خوب
Film is "فیلم" and "خوب" is good, fine. So now you want to say "a good
film." Just you need to put the "ezafeh" sound here. The short sound "eh."
فیلم خوب، good film
Another one is:
پسر خوشحال
So "پسر" means boy. Now you won't say that a happy
boy. So how to connect their adjective to its
noun, using the "ezafeh" construction, "پسرخوشحال". For example, another
one, "هقته ی دیگر". You want to say "the other week." So
you say "هفته ی دیگر". You need to connect them by using "ezafeh."
There is one point here. As we talked in the previous lesson, "هفته" ends in a
short vowel. And when the word the word ends in a vowel, you need to use a
euphonic "ی". In order to build the "ezafeh" construction. So here,
we say "هفته ی دیگر" instead of "هفته دیگر". Another example: "دختر" means girl and
you want you have beautiful. You want to say a beautiful girl. In order to do that, you
need to have the "ezafeh" sound. So "دختر زیبا". You have the word "استاد" and
it means professor. Then you have the adjective
of "مهم". Important. You want to say important teacher or professor.
استاد مهم
So as you can see, in Farsi ,always there is
an "ezafeh" connection between a noun and its adjective. "فیلم خوب" and "پسر خوشحال" and
هفته ی دیگر، دختر زیبا، استاد مهم
And the "ezafeh" can be a chain. Like, it can be bigger. For example, Daanish go
دانشگاه بزرگ خوب
You have two adjectives and you have a connection between the
adjectives. Because these adjectives belong to this noun, you have connected
them by using "ezafeh."
دانشگاه بزرگ خوب
Good big university, or good great university.
Even you can use a possessive pronoun at the end and say
دانشگاه بزرگ خوب من
It's not that common to use the chain, that long, but it's possible and
some people use it. My big great university. My big great university.
دانشگاه بزرگ خوب من
It is important to remember that
adjectives in Farsi always come after the noun. So "خوب فیلم" is wrong.
فیلم خوب
In English you say "good film." But in Farsi, you should say "film good."
فیلم خوب
پسر خوشحال.
So "خوشحال پسر" is not correct.
Adjectives come after the noun.
هفته ی دیگر
But in rare cases in Farsi, people put their adjectives before the noun and the
reason they do that, it's to emphasize the importance of that
adjective. It's not that common, but in rare cases people use it. For example, a
very famous one is the word Nowrooz. "نو" means day, and "نو" means
new. So instead of saying "روز نو", which is in a "ezafeh",
construction, the adjective should come after the noun. But
they want to say that this new day is different from other new days. This
Nowruz is the first day of the year. So they put the adjective before the noun.
So it's like English, when instead of saying the Great
Alexander, you put "great" after the noun in order to emphasize that.
Alexander the Great. So here's another one: For example, here we have "دختر زیبا".
But you see a very beautiful girl and you want to emphasize on that beauty. So
in order to do that, it's more literal and poetic. But you can do that
instead of saying "دختر زیبا", you can say "زیبا دختر". If it's out of the
context, it sounds funny. But if it's used appropriately,
it sounds more poetic. So instead of saying "دختر زیبا", beautiful girl, you
can say "زیبا دختر". For example, "آن زیبا دختر". That very beautiful
girl. So that was the lesson about the adjective usage of the "ezafeh"
construction: always between a noun and its adjective, there is a the "ezafeh"
construction. And adjectives will come after the noun.