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primals base in november 1998 the first
module of the International Space
Station was launched into orbit over the
last two decades it's been home to
hundreds of astronauts from 19 different
countries this enormous collaboration
between different nations shows just how
much can be achieved when the world
comes together however not every nation
is allowed to take part in the ISS
program China has never taken part in
the program and since 2011 they were
officially banned from doing so in this
video we're going to look at the history
of unlikely space collaborations we're
also going to look at why the u.s. lost
trust in China's space program and
China's future plans to make their own
space station in the midst of the Cold
War space was the ultimate frontier
between the United States and the Soviet
Union after political tensions fueled
the advancements in rocket technology
the space race eventually came to a
conclusion when Apollo 11 successfully
landed on the moon as the political
landscape of the Cold War began to ease
a milestone was reached in 1975 when the
US and Soviets worked together on the
apollo-soyuz project a mission which
involved both nations docking their
capsules together in space the mission
began in Baikonur where two cosmonauts
launched on the Soyuz 19 capsule a few
hours later the Apollo capsule lifted
off from US soil launching three
astronauts into space were adopt with
the Soyuz capsule three hours after
docking the first International
handshake in space took place through
the hatch of the Soyuz capsule this
extraordinary moment signified a strong
shift in the space race and ushered in a
new era of international collaboration
fast-forward 23 years and the largest
space collaboration was about to begin
the international space station
spearheaded by NASA the space station
involved 15 nations and five different
space
agencies besides the technical
challenges of developing and launching
an entire space station getting all of
these countries to work together
required an extreme amount of trust at
first NASA were concerned that Russia
would use the opportunity to transfer
advanced technology for their own
military use but after the Columbia
disaster grounded the space shuttle NASA
had no choice but to rely on Russia to
transport astronauts to and from the
space station
despite the worldwide collaboration
required to build the ISS China was one
of the largest countries not invited to
join the international space station at
the time the Chinese space
administration was only 5 years old and
the rest of the nations felt that China
was simply not ready to make a
meaningful contribution to the project
so China plowed forward with their own
space program and in 2003 became the
only nation other than the US and Russia
to launch a human into space as progress
continued on the ISS China stated their
desire to join the ISS as a new member
however legislation introduced by US
Congress in 2011 eliminated the
possibility of China joining the ISS in
this legislation a provision known as
the wolf Amendment was passed to forbid
NASA and u.s. companies from sharing
technological advancements with the
Chinese government although this may
seem like a harsh decision
America's distrust in China was not
completely unfounded in 2007 China
deployed an anti-satellite weapon to
destroy one of its own weather
satellites this received worldwide
criticism for the dangerous amounts of
space debris it caused a decade later
two Chinese nationals were charged by
the US Department of Justice for
allegedly hacking information from
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory despite
being banned from the ISS China
continues to rapidly advanced their
space program in 2019 China became the
first nation ever to successfully land a
spacecraft on the far side of the Moon
in 2011 they launched a space station
known as tiangong 1 which was soon
followed in 2016 by tiangong 2 the final
form of the Chinese space station will
be 1/5 of the size of the ISS and is
expected to be completed by 2023 while
the United States remains against the
idea of a Chinese collaboration other
space agencies are not so keen to avoid
partnership the european space agency
have been clear about their willingness
to let China into the ISS and countries
such as Italy have even agreed to
collaborate with China on future manned
spaceflight missions whether they were
rightfully excluded from the ISS or not
China has been successful in developing
their own space program over the next
few decades they are poised to become an
even bigger player within the space
community but at the end of the day
space exploration should bring nations
together our greatest achievements in
space come when large teams of people
work together to achieve a shared goal
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space thank you very much for watching
and I'll see you in the next video
you