Jane Seymour was Queen of England from 1536 to 1537 as the third wife of King Henry VIII.
She succeeded Anne Boleyn as queen consort following the latter's execution for high
treason, incest and adultery in May 1536.
She died of postnatal complications less than two weeks after the birth of her only child,
a son who reigned as Edward VI.
She was the only one of Henry's wives to receive a queen's funeral, and his only consort to
be buried beside him in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.
She was the only wife of Henry VIII whose son survived infancy.
Early life
Jane Seymour was likely born at Wulfhall, Savernake Forest, Wiltshire, the daughter
of Sir John Seymour and Margery Wentworth.
Through her maternal grandfather, she was a descendant of King Edward III of England
through Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence.
Because of this, she and King Henry VIII were fifth cousins.
She was a half-second cousin to her predecessor Anne Boleyn, sharing a great-grandmother,
Elizabeth Cheney.
She was not educated as highly as King Henry's previous wives, Catherine of Aragon and Anne
Boleyn.
She could read and write a little, but was much better at needlework and household management,
which were considered much more necessary for women.
Jane's needlework was reported to be beautiful and elaborate; some of her work survived as
late as 1652, when it is recorded to have been given to the Seymour family.
After her death, it was noted that Henry was an "enthusiastic embroiderer".
She became a maid-of-honour in 1532 to Queen Catherine, but may have served her as early
as 1527, and went on to serve Queen Anne.
The first report of Henry VIII's interest in Jane Seymour was in early 1536, sometime
before Catherine's death.
Jane was noted to have a childlike face, as well as a modest personality.
According to the Imperial Ambassador Eustace Chapuys, Jane was of middling stature and
very pale; he also commented that she was not of much beauty.
However, John Russell stated that Jane was "the fairest of all the King's wives" Polydore
Vergil commented that she was "a woman of the utmost charm in both character and appearance."
Marriage and birth of heir King Henry VIII was betrothed to Jane on 20
May 1536, just one day after Anne Boleyn's execution.
The couple married at the Palace of Whitehall, Whitehall, London, in the Queen's closet by
Bishop Gardiner on 30 May 1536.
As a wedding gift the King made her a grant of 104 manors in four counties as well as
a number of forests and hunting chases for her jointure, the income to support her during
their marriage.
She was publicly proclaimed as queen consort on 4 June.
Jane’s well-publicized sympathy for the late Queen Catherine and the Lady Mary showed
her to be compassionate and made her a popular figure with the common people and most of
the courtiers.
She was never crowned because of plague in London, where the coronation was to take place.
Henry may have been reluctant to crown Jane before she had fulfilled her duty as a queen
consort by bearing him a son and a male heir.
As queen, Jane Seymour was said to be strict and formal.
Her motto was "Bound to obey and serve."
She was close to her female relations, Anne Stanhope and her sister, Elizabeth.
Jane was also close to the Lady Lisle along with her sister-in-law the Lady Beauchamp.
Jane considered Lisle's daughters as maids-of-honour, and she left many of her possessions to Beauchamp.
Jane would form a very close relationship with Mary Tudor.
The lavish entertainments, gaiety, and extravagance of the Queen's household, which had reached
its peak during the time of Anne Boleyn, was replaced by a strict enforcement of decorum.
For example, she banned the French fashions that Anne Boleyn had introduced.
Politically, Seymour appears to have been conservative.
Her only reported involvement in national affairs, in 1536, was when she asked for pardons
for participants in the Pilgrimage of Grace.
Henry is said to have rejected this, reminding her of the fate her predecessor met with when
she "meddled in his affairs".
Jane put forth much effort to restore Henry's first child, Princess Mary, to court and to
the royal succession, behind any children that Jane might have with Henry.
Jane brought up the issue of Mary's restoration both before and after she became Queen.
While Jane was unable to restore Mary to the line of succession, she was able to reconcile
her with Henry.
Eustace Chapuys wrote to Charles V of Jane's compassion and efforts on behalf of Mary's
return to favour.
A letter from Mary to Jane shows that Mary was grateful to Jane.
While it was Jane who first pushed for the restoration, Mary and Elizabeth were not reinstated
to the succession until Henry's sixth wife, Queen Catherine Parr, convinced him to do
so.
In early 1537, Jane became pregnant.
During her pregnancy, she developed a craving for quail, which Henry ordered for her from
Calais and Flanders.
During the summer, she took no public engagements and led a relatively quiet life, being attended
by the royal physicians and the best midwives in the kingdom.
She went into confinement in September 1537 and gave birth to the coveted male heir, the
future King Edward VI, at two o'clock in the morning on 12 October 1537 at Hampton Court
Palace.
Edward was christened on 15 October 1537, without his mother in attendance, as was the
custom.
Both of the King's daughters, Mary and Elizabeth, were present and carried the infant's train
during the ceremony.
Death and funeral Jane Seymour's labour had been difficult,
lasting two nights and three days, probably because the baby was not well positioned.
After the christening, it became clear that she was seriously ill.
Jane Seymour died on 24 October 1537 at Hampton Court Palace at Kingston upon Thames.
Within a few weeks of the death of Queen Jane there existed conflicting testimonies concerning
the cause of her demise.
According to King Edward's biographer, Jennifer Loach, Jane Seymour's death may have been
due to an infection from a retained placenta.
According to Alison Weir, death could have also been caused by puerperal fever due to
a bacterial infection contracted during the birth or a tear in her perineum which became
infected.
Jane Seymour was buried on 12 November 1537 in St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle after
the funeral in which her stepdaughter, Mary, acted as chief mourner.
A procession of 29 mourners followed Lady Mary, one for every year of Queen Jane’s
life.
Jane was the only one of Henry's wives to receive a queen's funeral.
The following inscription was above her grave for a time:
After her death, Henry wore black for the next three months and did not remarry for
three years, although marriage negotiations were tentatively begun soon after her death.
Moreover, he put on weight during his long widowerhood, becoming obese and swollen and
developing diabetes and gout.
Historians have speculated she was Henry's favourite wife because she gave birth to a
male heir.
When he died in 1547, Henry was buried beside her, on his request, in the grave he had made
for her.
Legacy Jane gave the king the son he so desperately
needed, helped to restore Lady Mary to the succession and her father’s affections,
and used her influence to bring about the advancement of her family.
Two of Jane's brothers, Thomas and Edward, used her memory to improve their own fortunes.
Thomas was rumoured to have been pursuing the future Elizabeth I, but married the queen
dowager Catherine Parr instead.
In the reign of the young King Edward VI, Edward Seymour set himself up as Lord Protector
and de facto ruler of the kingdom.
Both brothers eventually fell from power, and were executed.
In popular culture In film
In 1933, Wendy Barrie played Seymour opposite Charles Laughton's Henry VIII in Alexander
Korda's highly acclaimed film The Private Life of Henry VIII.
As part of the 1970 BBC series The Six Wives of Henry VIII, the episode entitled "Jane
Seymour" presented her as a shy but honest introvert, devoted to her husband.
Henry was played by Keith Michell, and Seymour by Anne Stallybrass.
The previous episode "Anne Boleyn" displayed Jane as fully knowing the damage her relationship
with King Henry was doing.
In 1972, this interpretation was repeated in the film Henry VIII and his Six Wives,
adapted from the BBC series, in which Keith Michell reprised his role as Henry; on this
occasion Seymour was played by Jane Asher.
Seymour was played by Charlotte Roach in David Starkey's documentary series on Henry's Queens
in 2001.
Seymour is a supporting character in the 2003 BBC television drama The Other Boleyn Girl,
played by Naomi Benson opposite Jared Harris as Henry VIII and Jodhi May as Anne Boleyn.
In October 2003, in the two-part ITV drama Henry VIII, Ray Winstone starred as the King.
Jane Seymour was played by Emilia Fox.
In The Simpsons 2004 episode "Margical History Tour," Seymour is portrayed by the shrill
Miss Springfield during Marge's retelling of Henry's reign.
Henry quickly orders Seymour's beheading after hearing her annoying voice.
Anita Briem portrayed Seymour as lady-in-waiting to Anne Boleyn in the second season of the
television series The Tudors, produced for Showtime.
In the third season of the same series, when Jane Seymour becomes Queen and later dies,
the part is played by Annabelle Wallis.
Seymour was played by actress Corinne Galloway in the 2008 film The Other Boleyn Girl.
In books Is the main character in Carolly Erickson's
novel The Favoured Queen, which follows her from her appointment as lady-in-waiting to
Catherine of Aragon right up to the time she herself becomes Henry's consort.
Is the subject of the novel Plain Jane: A Novel of Jane Seymour by Laurien Gardner.
Appears as a lady serving both Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn in Wolf Hall by Hilary
Mantel, which ends with hints of her coming prominence.
The second novel in Mantel's series, Bring Up the Bodies focuses on the machinations
that led to the execution of Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII's growing determination to replace
her with Jane Seymour and the Seymour family's strategems to gain from the King's attraction
to Jane.
A planned third volume, The Mirror and the Light, is expected to tell Jane Seymour's
story.
The book " I,Jane," by Diane Heager, tells of her growing up and, before catching the
eye of King Henry, meeting a young man whose parents are well placed in court and look
down on Jane and her family.
Despite this, Jane and the son become close, and over the years she never forgets him.
In music As Giovanna Seymour, she appears in Gaetano
Donizetti's opera Anna Bolena.
Rick Wakeman recorded the piece "Jane Seymour" for his 1973 album The Six Wives of Henry
VIII.
The English ballad "The Death of Queen Jane" is about the death of Jane Seymour following
the birth of Prince Edward.
The story as related in the ballad is historically inaccurate, but apparently reflects the popular
view at the time of the events surrounding her death.
The historical fact is that Prince Edward was born naturally, and that his mother succumbed
to infection and died 12 days later.
Most versions of the song end with the contrast between the joy of the birth of the Prince
and the grief of the death of the Queen.
A setting of the ballad to a tune by Irish musician Dáithí Sproule was included on
the Bothy Band's 1979 album After Hours and their 2008 album Best of the Bothy Band.
The song also appears on Loreena McKennitt's 2010 album Barley, and on Sproul's 2011 album
Lost River: Vol. 1; and it was featured in the Coen brothers' 2013 film Inside Llewyn
Davis.
The song "Lady Jane" by The Rolling Stones is rumoured to be about Jane Seymour and her
relationship with Henry VIII.
Lineage Footnotes
Sources
External links Jane Seymour, Queen of England Family tree
"Jane Seymour".
Find A Grave.
A quick over-view of Jane's life, with a good portrait gallery as well
A more in-depth historical look at Jane's life and times
A geo-biography tour of the Six Wives of Henry VIII on Google Earth
The text of the ballad The Death of Queen Jane
Photo of Seymour waxwork Flickr A 1996 interview with Anne Boleyn's most respected
academic biographer, E.W.
Ives in which he offers his interpretations of Anne Boleyn but also speculates on the
role Jane played in Anne's downfall