When it comes to the universe around us the trillion dollar question is what is inside a black
hole there's an alternate description of a black hole in terms of what's known as the holographic
description it's as if there's a two-dimensional world that surrounds any given three-dimensional
world that has exactly the same physics as the three-dimensional world that we're familiar with
and yet it describes it in a completely different language has gravity around
black holes is so strong that it not only warps space and time around it but also the light and
information literally nothing can escape the abyssal hole once it gets anywhere close to it
this secrecy around their womb makes black holes the most mysterious phenomena in the universe
physicists currently believe the inside of a black hole is a place where matter is compressed down to
a point of infinitely small size and all concepts of time space and our knowledge of physics break
down into what we call a singularity but what if the singularity is more than just being an
infinitesimal point of nothing and everything what if it's a wormhole connecting two universes
or two different points in our universe what if every black hole is home to an entirely different
universe or what if they are just a glitch in the simulation we think we call our universe
welcome the Factnomenal and today let's find out what scientists have found inside a black hole
by now thanks to advanced telescopes and our understanding of universal physics because of
brilliant minds like albert einstein and stephen hawking we have a considerable understanding of
what happens on the outside of a black hole as something approaches the event horizon the
infamous point of no return the escape speed exceeds the speed of light and so even light
gets trapped inside the gravity of a black hole this is where physics forgets its rules space
and time become difficult to differentiate and everything is sucked towards the center
we have no idea what happens there in the singularity we could have even used the concept
of jeremy barami from the show the good place for it is a timely whimey ghibli gobbly mystery
jeremy barami this is the timeline in the afterlife but now using the power of quantum
computers we have something completely new some completely unexpected information about the nature
of these ever-craving behemoths that are the main attraction of almost every galaxy we know of
what if i told you that the scariest objects in our universe the baba yagas of the cosmos
are nothing but an illusion no we are not saying that if you stop believing in them they'll go away
the research team from the university of michigan is proposing something further complex according
to the simulations run by the study team headed by enrico rinaldi the black holes appear to be simply
holograms no no not the kind of holograms you see in sci-fi movies like star wars but here the term
hologram is used in a rather more scientific manner it is based on the idea of holographic
duality which is a mathematical conjecture that attempts to connect theories of particles
and their interactions and the theory of gravity okay that was too technical let's simplify it
it all comes down to a lack of a unified theory to make sense of the entire universe on one hand
we have einstein's general relativity theory which states there are no particles only space-time
exists and so it deals in the third dimension but the standard model of physics deals with
particles and ignores gravity altogether so it is described in the second dimension
as far as black holes go both of these theories are relevant in describing how they operate but
physics has a long-standing issue since the last century to find a common ground between
the two concerning theories this is where rinaldi and his team have perhaps succeeded
they used quantum matrix models and connected the two theories to be able to probe holographic
duality by using everything they know about the theory of particles and the theory of gravity
the idea was to use simple matrix models made up of blocks of numbers
from there they could start and create things with a framework used in quantum computers
running the simulations with the models created in the framework the researchers were able to
explain what the gravity inside a black hole may look like the current concept we have for the
insides of a black hole is based primarily on the theory of gravity that means space time
moves into and through a black hole from the outside but this is where things get difficult
we cannot calculate space-time inside a black hole as we can do outside a black hole we have
no evidence for what goes on inside a black hole so that's why we need to base our study purely on
mathematical calculations according to rinaldi these calculations point out that the best way
to describe the inner process of a black hole is to compare it to a holographic projection
but how come they came to such an unexpected conclusion well first let's understand what
a hologram is in this context a hologram in this context is a flat image or two-dimensional image
that could be projected in three dimensions we have all seen it ourselves when michael jackson
was brought to life in the form of a hologram at sunday night's billboard music awards in 2014
and performed at slave to the rhythm by using the quantum matrix models to study the connection
between the theory of gravity and particle theory researchers managed to describe a black hole as an
entity that has a three-dimensional structure but we see it through the two-dimensional particles
but this description is still just a mathematical representation that is derived from the most
recent calculations that means it is still just a theory a space theory this isn't the first time we
have tried to predict the insides of a black hole with mathematical equations in another specific
mathematical case astrophysicists have derived that the singularity inside the black hole is
not a point but actually a ring according to the ker metric the geometry of a rotating black hole
is defined by the centrifugal force that causes the horizon of the black hole to bulge out into
an ellipse the same centrifugal force opens the singularity into a ring the outer horizon and the
inner horizon form confocal ellipsoids with the ring singularity at the focus of the ellipsoid but
that mathematical situation won't exist in reality other calculations in the past proposed that the
singularity is actually a whole surface inside the event horizon we just don't know it could be
that in real black holes singularities don't even exist and the space-time singularity is inevitable
and the picture i've drawn doesn't capture a key feature of space-time singularities and the key
feature of space-time singularities inside black holes is that their singularities in time are
not in space there is also a theory that suggests that deep inside a black hole matter doesn't get
squished down into that infinitely tiny point called a singularity instead it might exist as
the tiniest possible pocket of volume which could be the smallest possible configuration of matter
if a singularity was a point in space let's imagine it was in the center of this room you
have this strong sense that you should be able to avoid it if you find your rockets surely i could
just move away from the spacetime singularity why do i have to hit the spacetime singularity
that's true and that's because spacetime singularities and black holes are not of that form
space-time singularity is a singularity in time and you should think
of a moment in time in the future that you can't avoid this would be a plank star and
it's a theoretical possibility envisioned by loop quantum gravity which is itself a highly
hypothetical proposal for creating a quantum version of gravity in the world of loop quantum
gravity space and time are quantized and the universe around us is composed of tiny discrete
chunks but at such an incredibly tiny scale that our movements appear smooth and continuous
until we find a way to extract information from the bowels of a black hole we won't really truly
be sure if what we're seeing is all there is to see in 2d 3d or beyond and if the most recent
calculations turn out to be correct then that begs an existential question if the black holes are a
hologram what about the rest of the universe well at this moment there is no clear answer and so we
can say yes and no of course for us holograms are just two dimensional images created with lights
in a three-dimensional space but in this case rinaldi and his colleagues are referring to the
interaction a black hole has with its surroundings universe on the other hand is a different case
but what if it was a three-dimensional image projected in four-dimensional space
would it make a hologram as well black holes represent a moment where our universe
ends and folds back upon itself where relativity and quantum physics collide we just need to find
a way how to connect the two moments and we may find the unifying theory to define the universe
the answer may lie inside a black hole do you have the guts to dive into it and find it thanks for
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