Now we're going to talk about the Turkish postposition, "ile"
Meaning "with, by, or by means of"
A postposition is essentially the same thing as a preposition
except that it comes after the word it modifies
So for example if we want to say "with the train" or "by train"
as the Turkish word for train: "tren"
and then "ile"
"Tren ile": with the train or by means of a train
If we want to say "with the car" or "by means of a car" like, "I came by car"
we would say, "araba": Turkish word for car
"ile"
You can use it with proper nouns like names, so take the Turkish girl's name, "Ezgi"
"Ezgi ile": with Ezgi
You can also use it...although these nouns are all in the nominative case
they don't have an additional case ending, you can use it with words that are, that have a possessive ending attached to them so
for example if I want to say "with my bag" you take the Turkish word for "bag"
çanta
add the possessive ending to make it "my bag": çantam
çantam ile: "with my bag"
But the postposition "ile" can also
appear as a suffix following the rules of two-way vowel harmony
so an ending attached directly to the verb in one of these two forms
"-la" or "-yla"
or "-le" or "-yle"
Let's look at how we'll choose the appropriate version of
the suffix form of "ile" to attach to these words. I want to emphasize there is no actual difference in meaning between
"ile" as a postposition separate word or
"-le/-la" written as a suffix attached directly to the word it modifies, means the same thing just a different way to
say or write it.
So let's
say "with a train" or "by train" using this suffix version. Follows the rules of two-way vowel harmony
So we'll look at the vowel in the final and only syllable of "tren"
And we know that we'll choose "-le"
"Trenle," one word
"With a train" or "by train" as in "I came by train": trenle geldim. "I came by train, with a train"
Let's look at what we'll do with "araba": car. We know we're following the rules of two-way vowel harmony
so we should choose the ending "la," "arabala"
but
Whenever, we're attaching
the suffix "-la" or "-le" to a word
ending in a vowel, we're going to use the buffer consonant "y"
Why is that?
After all, the suffix does seem to start with a consonant.
But there's the memory that it actually comes from "ile" which starts with a vowel so we could not have "araba ila"
So Turkish gives us
"arabayla": with a car or by car
Let's say we want to say "with Ezgi" using the suffix. Okay, Ezgi ends in a vowel, and we know we need our buffer
"y"
We also know that
we're going to need to use an apostrophe in between because it's a proper noun, its a name, so
Ezgi'y...
vowel harmony, "-le" with Ezgi
Finally if we want to say "with my bag" using this suffix version
vowel harmony, "çantam" so we choose "-la"
It ends in a consonant, so we don't need that buffer
"Çantamla": with my bag