Next, we've got the little lacrimal bones.
These are the tiny bones that lie here.
So anteriorly, you've got the maxilla and then you've got this sphenoid bone, the zygomatic
bone and the frontal bone.
So you can just see if I zoom in a bit more, this is the lacrimal bone here, this little
bone.
You've got it on both sides obviously.
So these little paired lacrimal bones.
So I've talked about the nasal bones, the maxilla, the zygomatic bones, the bones that
you can see through the piriform aperture, the
inferior nasal concha on both sides.
I didn't talk about this bone here, which is the vomer.
I'll just come on to show you that now.
You can see the vomer through here, but I think I'll rotate around to a different view
and show you the other bone, the palatine bone.
I'll just switch the view around there.
So if we look inferiorly, I'm rotating the skull around so we're looking at it from the
bottom of the skull now.
So if we'll just see what I did, I just rotated the skull so it's tilted backwards.
And now if we just keep around this maxilla bone and you can see as you rotate it around,
we're just looking at the underside of the maxilla, just there.
So here, this whole structure here is the hard palate.
You can feel this in yourself.
If you put your tongue to the roof of your mouth, you can feel your hard palate.
And if you moved your tongue posteriorly, you can feel the soft palate, which is made
up of soft structures.
So this whole structure is the hard palate and it consists of two bones, this anterior
part here is made up of the maxilla and then this posterior part is the palatine bone and
this is another bone of the facial skeleton.
So you've got left and right palatine bones.
And anteriorly, you've got the maxilla.
But this whole structure is the hard palate.
The hard palate consists of the maxilla and palatine bones.
So if we just remember, I was talking about the vomer, if I rotate it around, you can
see -- oh, what have I done?
Let's get that view back.
So if we just zoom in a bit, you can see something that's extending backwards from the palatine
bone.
This is the vomer which you saw through the piriform aperture.
This bone here is the vomer.
I think a good way to sort of visualize or understand this bone is by showing, coming
from behind and having a look.
So just looking at the vomer from here, you can see I'm just going to rotate it around
and we're going to have a look posteriorly.
So you can see this is the vomer here.
And then you can see the palatine bones and the maxilla, which makes up the hard palate,
this whole structure here.
So the posterior part is the palatine bone.
And then you can see how the vomer sits on top of the palatine bone and it extends backwards
like that.
So just rotating around again so you can see the vomer here.
I'm rotating completely to posterior view.
You can see how it separates these two oval shaped openings.
These are known as the posterior nasal apertures or the choanae.
This is the opening into the nasopharynx from the nasal cavity.
So that's the vomer.
You can see it here sitting on the palatine bones and extending all the way around to
here.
So just to recap what I've gone through, the bones of the facial skeleton, you've got the
nasal bones, the maxilla, the zygomatic bones on either side and then you've got the bones
which you can see through the piriform aperture, the inferior nasal conchae (which are part
of the maxilla), the vomer and the palatine bones.
And then medially, making up the medial wall of the orbit, you've got the lacrimal bones
on either side.
You can remember these bones of the lower skull with the mnemonic 'Virgil can not make
my pet Zebra laugh."
So that's vomer, conchae, nasal, maxilla, mandible, palatine, zygomatic and lacrimal.
But remember that the mandible isn't actually part of the facial skeleton.
It's just included in the mnemonic to help you remember bones of the lower skull.
So that's covered all the bones of the skull.
Hopefully, having a good look at those has helped you remember them.