Today's video is part two of our woodworking terminology absolute basics series
and like the first video if you hover over the timeline below you can see that this video is
broken up in the five major sections power tools types of cuts types of trim and molding window
parts and cabinet parts power tools are any tool that require an electrical power source
or any other type of mechanism to make it operate so with that here the list the most common power
tools and their associated terms a table saw is used to rip and cross cut material easily
accurately and safely it is by far the most used power tool in the shop ripping is cutting a board
along its length or with the grain which changes the board's overall width
cross cutting is cutting across the width or across the grain which changes the board's
overall length the table saw is a great tool to talk about two other terms and that is in-feed
and out-feed the in-feed side of the table saw is this area before the blade while the outfeed side
is this area beyond the blade these terms also apply to the next two power tools as well
the first one being the planer which is used to reduce the overall thickness of the material
and then the other is the jointer which is used to square the edges the table saw the
jointer and the planar are the three main big power tools that you need to be able to dress
rough lumber and now you can begin to see why most people buy s4s lumber because not a lot of
people do have the money or the space for these big power tools the miter saw is next this tool
is specifically designed to make cross cuts and to make miter and bevel cuts more on that in the next
section the jigsaw is a tool that is great for making curved cuts and notches the circular saw
is the carpenter's number one power tool used to cut dimensional lumber plywood and other materials
and with the proper accessories circular saws can produce a cut almost as good as a table saw
next is orbital sanders they are a powerhouse when it comes to quickly sanding material down
the router these power tools are made for putting different profiles on the edges of stock
as well as a lengthy list of other cool stuff cordless drills are battery operated drills that
are used for driving screws as well as turning drill bits to pre-drill holes pre-drilling is
when you drill a hole prior to installing a screw or nail to reduce the chances of breaking it off
or stripping it out the last group of power tools worth mentioning is pneumatic nailers these tools
are air powered tools that quickly and easily install finish nails brads framing nails and much
more as a side note these nailers nowadays also come in battery operated and gas versions as well
the most basic cut is a 90 degree cross cut this cut is used to size boards down to length and when
two 90 degree cuts come together they form a butt joint the next term is miter miter cuts are made
across the face of the board at an angle and when two miters come together it's called a miter joint
similar to a miter joint a bevel is an angled cut that is made on the edge of the material not the
face like a miter the most common example of this is used on baseboards these types of cuts when put
together are still called miter joints the last type of angle cut is a compound cut compound
miters are done on a compound miter saw these saws not only miter left or right but they also
tilt or bevel left or right this type of cut is most commonly used on crown molding and when this
joint comes together it's called a compound miter joint let's finish this section off by talking
about dados grooves and rabbets dados are three sided trenches cut across the grain of the wood
these cuts are used for joining other intersecting pieces like a shelf in a cabinet there's another
dado as well and this one's called a stopped dado stop dados stop somewhere along the cut creating a
stopping point for the intersecting piece to butt up against often oftentimes these are used to stop
shelves from coming past the front of a cabinet next is the groove similar to a dado and often
times still called dados a groove is a three-sided trench cut with the grain and last but not least
the rabbit cut a rabbit cut has two sides it is always cut along the edge of the material
in general trim is a straight piece of wood like a 1x4 that has an s4s finish molding
generally refers to a piece of wood that has a shaped profile on it like a piece of window
or door casing these two terms often get used interchangeably so just know that you're going
to hear that from time to time the word trim can be used as a verb as well someone might
say that they're going to trim out a window let's move on to talk about a few different
types of trim and molding baseboard or base molding is trim or molding that is at the
bottom of a wall which covers the intersection between the floor and the wall shoe molding or
base shoe is a piece of molding that is normally paired with baseboard to add an additional profile
or to cover up any gaps in the floor next up is paneling paneling can be either solid wood or
some type of plywood material used to cover up the entire wall or it can be used as decorative
paneling meaning that it only covers up a part of the wall generally within the first three feet
another term used more often than decorative paneling is wainscoting and wainscoting is great
to learn from because it normally incorporates a few different types of trim and molding the
paneling used to create this wayne's coating is a beaded paneling meaning that it has these beads
molded right into the sheet of the paneling below we have baseboard in the shoe which we already
looked at but something we didn't look at is on top which is the cap the cap in this case finishes
off the top of the wainscoting the cap then meets a horizontal rail or trim piece and some styles of
wayne's coating may also have vertical styles as well under the cap can be a quarter round
which is a quarter circle of thin molding or it may even be a cove molding that looks like this
moving on the next type of molding to look at is crown molding crown molding is normally larger
than most moldings and normally installed at the junction between the wall and the ceiling crown
molding can be used in other places as well like the top of cabinets another term that you may hear
often used around molding or installing molding is the word return a return continues the molding's
profile around the corner or finishes it off back into the wall as you can see this is
a very clean way to finish off this profile so you're not seeing the end of the molding itself
before we dive into the window parts themselves let's look at a few terms that are used to
describe the framing members around the window the rough sill is the framing member that the window
sits on normally this is a two by four two by six piece of dimensional lumber along both sides
of the rough window opening are what's called jack studs these studs form the rough opening
as well as support the final piece which is the header the header is normally made up of multiple
layers of dimensional lumber and it supports any load or weight that is coming from above
the window opening so now that you know a little bit more about what's going on around the window
let's talk about the window itself the main two parts of the window are the frame and the sashes
the frame is made up of the window head jam and sill the window sill is the bottom piece here
which can also extend to the outside as well the window jamb forms the sides of the window
and the window head is the piece at the top the window sashes are the operational parts of the
window that include the glass they are held in by the windows frame moving on the stool is the
finished trim material that covers and mimics the rough sill because some windows don't extend
out all the way to the interior surface of the wall extension jams are used to extend the jamb
and the head of the window to be flush with the interior surface before the trim or
molding is installed a reveal is marked out on the inside edge of the extension jambs
a reveal creates an extra visual line and steps the trimmer molding in from the edge reveals are
used everywhere in woodworking and in carpentry so just know that this is going to be a term that
you're going to be seeing come up quite often after that the trim or molding is installed on
the sides of the window and then the head casing or the trim at the top is installed next the last
piece of trim is called the apron and the apron runs under the stool to complete the window trim
cabinets are broken up into lower cabinets which are the cabinets that sit on the floor
and upper cabinets which hang off the wall the carcass refers to the rough cabinet box itself
no matter if it's an upper cabinet or a lower part of the carcass includes what is called the
toe kick or the toe kick cut out this is a cut out that's made to allow the user to be able
to stand right up next to the cabinet without jamming their toes into it the last piece that
can be grouped into the carcass is the back panel this is often a piece of finished plywood that
can vary from a quarter inch to three quarters of an inch or six millimeters to 19 millimeters
once the carcass is built the next piece is the face frame the face frame covers the raw edges
of the plywood and gives the needed material to attach the doors and drawers the face frame is
made up of styles and rails rails run horizontally while the styles run vertically these same terms
then can apply to the cabinet door construction as well inside the styles and rails of the door
sits the door panel and the panel then can either be flat like this one or it can be raised like
this one here well that does it for this little terminology series i do plan on doing more in
the future so if you have any ideas you'd like to share with me just drop me a comment below
thank you so much for joining me today and may god bless you and your family on this day bye for now