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Electrolytic refining is the process of obtaining pure metals like gold, silver, copper etc. by the process of electrolysis.
Electrolytic refining of copper.
Take an electrolyte of acidified copper sulfate solution.
Take the anode as a thick rod of impure copper and the cathode as a thin rod of pure copper.
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Current is passed through the solution, as a result the acidified Copper Sulfate electrolytic solution splits into copper ions and sulfate ions.
The copper ions from the electrolyte get attracted towards the cathode.
The copper ions gain 2 electrons from the cathode and deposit as pure copper atoms on the thin copper rod.
At the same time, the copper atoms from the anode lose 2 electrons, get converted into copper ions and dissolve in the electrolytic solution.
Thus, the concentration of the electrolyte remains the same.
In this way, indirectly, copper atoms from the anode get deposited on the cathode repeatedly.
Hence, eventually size of the anode decreases and size of the cathode increases.
The reactions that take place at the anode and cathode are as follows.
In this way, all the pure copper from the anode deposits on the cathode.
The impurities in the impure copper rod settle down as anode mud at the bottom of the container.