Translator: Jim Taylor Reviewer: Denise RQ
I want to begin by apologizing
for speaking in English or rather not speaking in Portuguese.
It's somewhat ironic, I feel like a one-man cultural imperialist.
(Laughter)
But what I'm speaking about today
is a very universal problem that transcends language,
and I think that it could be spoken in sign language, frankly.
We all know the T in TED is about technology,
and I'm obsessed with technology, I'm a techno nerd, I love gadgets,
and I'm particularly obsessed with mobile.
The problem with technology, particularly at events like TED,
is that we see a lot of great stuff -
I was just at the Long Beach version of TED, mind-blowing stuff -
but we rarely put it in the context that relates to in history.
So I thought I'd give you a history lesson,
a brief history of mobile communication innovation.
But don't worry, I'm an American, I have a very limited attention span,
so I'm going to do this history lesson in three visual cliches.
It all started about 200 years ago,
you've seen this image a million times - not particularly interesting,
a couple of kids talked to each other, and the audio wasn't that great.
Maybe 200 years went by, and we got to this.
We've all seen this cliche too,
we needed an image to represent modernity
for a master of the universe
and that happened to be a mobile device that was the size of your head.
Fortunately, that isn't around anymore, and now we've arrived to this,
and this is the reigning visual cliche for mobile innovation at the moment.
We all know what this means, we all know what this signifies.
I think that's a great thing, we've come along very fast,
and we all know we live in exponential times,
that more has happened
in the last two years than the previous 200 years.
Things are rapidly proliferating in the mobile space.
What did we learn from this?
We learned a lot of things,
some you've heard from the previous speakers
things that are far beyond my paygrade,
but one thing I take away from this is that kids benefit from Moore's law.
Kids are actually benefiting from
the rapid and exponential growth of mobile technology.
Someone in this audience used the term 'edutainment' before -
the confluence of education and entertainment.
Kids now, four-year-olds to 14-year-olds, all have mobile devices,
they also have smart phones,
so we've got this smartphone revolution -
how tech is making kids smarter everywhere -
a cover story in Fast Company Magazine.
You all know the details
175,000 apps alone on Apple, 1.2 billion dollars in revenue.
And what's fascinating about that
is that a meaningful percentage of those apps are education-based.
While education apps account for only a sliver of iPhone sales now,
it's still a pretty meaningful sliver,
they could reach 20 to 25% in coming years according to Business Week.
Don't take my word for it. What do I know?
Many, many, credible people are in the mobile ed-space.
This is Sesame Street.
I hope Sesame Street is profoundly important in Brazil,
as it was in my childhood.
Sesame Street is in the mobile education space now.
Nokia and Pearson have a mobile learning institute
shaping the future of teachers and students
through mobile technologies and 21st century skills.
It's fantastic, isn't it? It's just a great thing.
This is a new company that was just bought
by the owner of Netflix called DreamBox Learning.
"Math opens doors for kids, DreamBox opens doors to math!"
Here's a little video I think enjoyed a couple million views on the web.
It's a three-year-old using an iPhone.
I would have brought the image of my own three-year-old,
but I couldn't figure out how to get it into my presentation,
but three-year-olds can navigate smartphones now.
And to me, this is the most profound thing that's happened
in the last 100 years or so.
I don't know if anyone knows what this is, but that's Barbie.
How many people have a Barbie doll, in this audience?
Just out of curiosity. No shame in that.
(Laughter)
Unless you are 48-year-old man.
(Laughter)
But for me, Barbie - my daughter has some Barbies -
Barbie is about basically teaching our daughters
to be anorexic, blonde, bubbleheads.
(Laughter)
But this is a real Barbie,
and I had my colleagues white out what's around her,
but this is a "I Can Be Computer Engineer Barbie Doll."
This is real, I didn't make this up.
It's a new Barbie that came on the market about four months ago.
What you don't see in this image is that Barbie has a laptop,
she has a smartphone, she has a Bluetooth earpiece.
Isn't this great?
Now instead of being a cocktail waitress,
Barbie can be an engineer, she can be an app developer.
It's fucking great.
(Laughter)
So again, don't take my word for it, here's a quote from Sesame Street,
"Just as Sesame Street helped transform television
into a revolutionary tool for learning among young children four decades ago,
advances in mobile technologies are showing
enormous untapped educational potential for today's generation."
So, here's the good news,
"In the future, learning is going to be much, much more fun,
unless you happen to be a student in the American inner city."
That's not supposed to be funny, by the way.
This is where the pivot changes.
What we're talking now about
is the achievement gap and the digital divide.
So the point I'm about to make is that the proliferation of technology,
the amazing exponential growth of technology,
and the way it's made education fun for a certain set
is leaving another set behind,
at a rate unprecedented in human history.
Cliche number 4: it sucks to be poor,
especially if you are interested in getting an education.
We're talking about the USA right now.
You have your own problems,
but I think it might be interesting to illustrate our problems for a minute.
We have a huge achievement gap in the States.
Fewer than half of Black males are graduating from high school,
and the average Black 17-year-old reads at the proficiency level
of the average white 13-year-old.
Here's a fantastic chart to illustrate the achievement gap.
If you factor in a lack of education,
there's a 76% [rise] in incarceration rates,
and a 98% decline in wages.
So, if you don't have an education,
you're 98% more likely to not earn a living wage in America.
And I would imagine that's a universal truth,
but no one has yet discovered
a scientifically tested, scalable solution to close the achievement gap.
To repeat my point, it sucks to be poor, even more in the age of technology.
Again, to reiterate this point,
technological advances are putting the underprivileged further behind.
So what do we do about this?
Well, at least some of our leaders are pointing this out.
"Right now, many students' learning experiences in school
don't match the reality outside of school.
We need to bridge the gap."
That's our Secretary of Education, and to that I would say, "No shit!",
but what are we going to do about that?
We know this. Unfortunately, we have a problem.
If you go to any school in New York City, you can't bring in a mobile device.
It's referred to as a cell phone, it's illegal.
It's illegal to have an iPhone in New York City school.
And that's at the kindergarten to the fifth grade level,
also at the sixth to12th grade level.
"Bringing prohibited equipment or material to school
without authorization is illegal."
Once upon a time, people went crazy when you brought a calculator into school,
because it somehow compromised the idea of learning.
Now people are going crazy - pedagogical authorities are going crazy -
when people bring mobile devices into schools.
I think that's a big problem,
I think it's a semantic problem,
but let's talk about why they're banned.
In New York City, most people think phones are used to coordinate crimes,
or that kids are just sitting there texting to each other -
partially, that's true -
but they do many, many other things as we know.
But here's the debate writ large on this big screen:
parents are demanding
that they want to know how to track their students through GPS,
other parents are demanding it
because they know these devices can make education fun.
Even Business Week has opined, "Get cell phones into schools,"
but they're still illegal in NYC schools, and many other schools across the country.
So partially, we have the semantic problem here:
is it time to retire the phrase 'cell phone'?
If you have a supercomputer attached to your ear,
is it really a 'cell phone' anymore?
Isn't that what Michael Douglas had in Wall Street?
Let's all agree to ban the phrase 'cell phone'
and talk about mobile devices,
because again, what we'll see in two years from now
will make this whole conversation completely ludicrous.
After all, is that a cell phone?
Just to demonstrate how education would be fun,
there's an app on this device - I don't know if anyone has one -
that brings to life the periodic table of the elements.
I failed Chemistry over and over again.
For me, Chemistry was the epitome of the stultifyingly boring experience
of being a public school student in New York.
The teacher couldn't teach it, the subject wasn't interesting.
And now if you click a button,
you have an interactive, three-dimensional representation
of what sodium looks like,
then you can interact with, see with three dimensions;
it makes Chemistry fun,
ergo, the kid is more likely to learn or engage with the idea of learning.
I want to tell you a story now.
So we're talking about solutions: is there any solution to this?
Not long ago, I had the good fortune to partner
with a very important American named Dr Roland Fryer.
Dr Fryer is the youngest tenured African-American professor
in Harvard history.
He is a behavioral economist.
He wrote his thesis on the economic consequence
of naming your daughter Shaniqua.
(Laughter)
Quite seriously.
He did something somewhat remarkable in NY,
he put through a program based on student incentives.
His theory is that we have the supply side covered -
we have great teachers,
they are the most important thing, they're supplying things -
but you need to work on the demand side, to rearticulate to students
why they need an education, which is: to succeed.
So he decided to give kids cash, pure, hard cash.
If you got an A or you maintained perfect attendance, you got cash.
The problem is a lot of these kids are part of the great unbanked,
or their parents are crack addicts who can't go to a bank and get cash,
so we needed to do something more dramatic.
A brief went out from the New York City Dept. of Education working with Dr Fryer
who's role was Chief Inequality Officer,
and the question was, "How can we brand achievement
and make an education as coveted as new Escalade or the latest Jay-Z DVD?"
Thus, it was born something called The Million,
which was the first, incentive-fueled mobile learning platform in America.
The idea was if you got an A in school, you maintained perfect attendance,
you got minutes and text time on your device, and education apps.
It was launched in 2008, in several inner-city schools
in the toughest neighborhoods of Brooklyn,
and I'll show you a very small video which captures that time.
(Video starts)
Roland Fryer: We're the richest country in the world,
yet, we rank 20th when it comes to math, and science, and our reading skills.
[There are 1 million students
in the New York City public education system.]
[ 37% will not graduate on time.]
And Black and brown kids here
are worse off than any other kids, in any other developed nation.
Narrator: To inspire students, we must reach them as never before,
by connecting with kids the same way they connect with each other.
To meet this challenge, the Department of Education
joined forces with Verizon Wireless to create The Million.
The Million phone is free, but 100% incentive-based,
whereby improved attendance, participation, homework, and grades
are rewarded with airtime for phone calls, texting, music downloads, and more.
Every two weeks,
teachers distribute Million points based on each student's performance
reinforcing the connection between hard work and earned rewards.
Susan Schaeffer: When I first heard about the Million program,
I was excited and apprehensive at the same time.
LJ: I was a little puzzled by the program, intrigued by the program,
but the kids were just so excited.
[On February 27, 2008, the pilot program launched in 7 schools]
Girl 1: It's a good opportunity for us to do better in school.
Girl 2: And it's fun.
Man: ... the D.E.Y., and you're one in a million.
Sean Kingston: And you guys are one in a million, believe it.
TV Host: The city is moving ahead
with what it calls its Million motivation campaign,
a pilot program, that officials hope,
will push kids to get serious about their education.
(Video ends)
(On stage) A Essex: I'll just skip forward because I'm running out of time here.
So, proof of concept: pilot programs like this work.
More than 75% of the students in The Million pilot program said
that it impacted their school in at least one of the following ways:
they were working harder, they were more competitive,
and they interacted more with their teachers.
It won a variety of awards
from Bill Clinton, from the advertising community.
Imagine what it could be with smartphones.
Of course, these things are very, very expensive.
But the New York City cell phone ban continues,
so Dr Fryer returned to Harvard and created EdLabs
which is an education innovation laboratory
built on testing other pilot programs in the world.
He was listed as one of the 100 most influential Americans.
This piece is written by Michelle Rhee
who's the Superintendent of Washington D.C. schools,
also another innovator in the States.
And this subject was the cover story of a Time magazine article
just two weeks ago,
"Should schools bribe kids?"
A very interesting provocation to discuss and then think about
in the context of technology.
So I'm just going to leave you on one optimistic note.
We're continuing to try to put programs like this through, in the States
to demonstrate that they work,
and we're going to do this this September in Oklahoma City
an unusual place - in some respects, an ideal place -
a place with "chronic public education woes, limited bureaucracy,
and a unique mix of highly motivated private and public figures."
We'll give smartphones to 1,000 students,
and if they maintain A's and perfect attendance,
they're going to get talk, text, and apps.
Moreover,
they're going to start learning how to create apps for their own phones,
and this is where it gets interesting.
I don't know about you, but when I went to school,
there was wood-shop or auto-shop; nice crafts to learn,
but increasingly less viable in the modern world.
Imagine if you could take a sixth grader in the inner city
and teach him how to create,
maybe through a templatized model, an education-based app,
something that he'd be interested in.
So a kid in Oklahoma City could share something with a kid in Rio,
and perhaps even profit in that.
Would that make school more appealing to them?
The goal we want is to create
the world's first, or America's first, student education network.
Something of a radical idea.
I will just leave you this quote from Bertrand Russell,
"It is because modern education
is so seldom inspired by a great hope that it so seldom achieves great results.
The wish to preserve the past rather than the hope of creating the future
dominates the minds of those who control the teaching of the young."
I hope that you can spread this idea, which is what TED is all about,
and that we can bring together new ways
to bring the underclass together with technology
and make learning more fun.
Thanks very much.
(Applause)