Hello, wonderful person! This is Anton,
and in today's video we are going to go in a bit of an exploration using Space Engine,
and try to find a very unusual black hole
that is responsible for slowing down
time around it to the extreme.
Very similar to what we saw in the movie Interstellar.
Enjoy the video,
and welcome to What Da Math.
(Music Plays)
And so in today's video,
what we're going to be doing is going in
a bit of a trip.
So, that right now we are near Earth,
but we're actually going to go about
60 millions light years away from
our beautiful planet
to a galaxy known as NGC 1365.
So I'm going to go in here, type NGC 1365
We're going to lock our location...
...or our destination
And first of all take a look at it. So...
in Space Engine it's about 56 millions light years away.
It is right there.
We can't really see it because it's really far away from us,
so we're just going to go and zoom to it,
and you're going to see it in a second.
So it is pretty far away from us, but
why we're going here is a...
is an interesting reason actually.
So, we've discovered very recently by studying various
gravitational anomalies around
this central black hole right in the middle of this galaxy.
What was discovered about it is that
it's actually very similar to the supermassive black hole
from the movie "Interstellar".
As a matter of fact, it is almost exactly identical to it
in the way that it binds time around it.
So we're actually going to go and find it right now,
because it doesn't actually displays in this game by itself, we do have to find it first.
And we're going to go into the center of this galaxy and take a look at it
as well.
So what exactly am I talking about when i mean it's actually very similar to Interstellar?
Well, what i mean by this is that it actually slows down time around it to the extreme.
So if you ever watched Interstellar, you may remember that
on one of the planets where they land,
the time is so slow, or i guess it moves so slow that
by the time they came back to their spacecraft
something like 20, or over 20 years passed
even though they were only for about 2 hours on that particular planet.
Well, this is actually exactly what's happening around this black hole as well.
We're approaching relatively fast, but I think I just missed it.
Because i think it's located somewhere in this
globular cluster right there, so let's actually go there.
And as I'm approaching this globular cluster
let me try to explain to you
why this is happening. So,
the black hole in Interstellar
was actually not just very supermassive
but was also spinning.
As a matter of fact, it was spinning very very very very fast.
And once we find this black hole, i'm going to kind of try to demonstrate to you
what is happening when the black hole spins.
Because that is essentially how it was able to slow down time
so dramatically.
One hour on that particular black hole was several years
in reality.
And when I say reality, I mean of course our space-time.
Alright, we missed it again so let's go back.
And here we go, we're going to be entering this very very slowly
and try to look for something that looks like a black hole.
Now to see this black hole, i'm going to actually accelerate time,
and we're going to be looking for spinning objects, specifically
stars orbiting around
some kind of imaginary location in space.
And the way we're going to find this is by basically
approaching a location where my pointer is pointing.
And even if it hasn't appeared yet,
it should appear any second now because
the game sometimes doesn't render black holes
right away, but it does render them when you approach them close enough.
So it's going to appear any second now and we're going to actually see
what this supermassive black hole looks like.
And i think it might actually be somewhere right there,
i see something spinning
or possibly something really really bright.
So, maybe it's somewhere in this location right here
so we're going to move a little bit closer to this part.
And it's very very close to... So yeah it's definitely this.
I think we found it, I think this bright spot in the middle
is that supermassive black hole.
So we're going to slowly inch our way toward it, and look at that.
Suddenly it appears in front of us.
So there we go. So that is the supermassive black hole
in the middle of this galaxy.
Let me slow down time just a little bit,
as quite a lot of stars are orbiting around it.
Let's
see how many. Uh, look at that, so many.
Alright, we're going to go closer to it.
Let's just move a little bit closer,
so you can actually see what's happening in the middle.
And as we're moving closer and closer,
you'll notice that things gets a little bit
more erratic, a little bit brighter. There's also some
really interesting visual effects, as you can see right there.
The actual lensing effect caused by the
supermassive black hole.
And the stars that orbit around it move
really really fast when they get close to...
close to the actual black hole because
that's their periapsis of their orbit.
But this black hole is surprisingly bright.
This black hole is actually a lot brighter...
brighter than i thought it would be.
Now i'm going to slow down time just a little bit more,
and let's approach it even more. So there we go.
So there it is.
Now this is the accretion disk,
and I'm inching my way towards the actual black hole
because I want to show you something. So,
this particular black hole
is spinning.
It's spinning really very fast actually in this opposite direction.
Spinning really very fast,
and as a matter of fact the scientists have discovered that it spins
at almost the speed of light. So,
the tip right here, this part, is moving
almost at the speed of light, almost at 300,000 km/s,
basically pushing the limits of relativity.
It's as fast as a black hole can actually spin.
And because it's spinning so fast,
the entire space-time around it,
and I'm not just talking about the
accretion disk, but I'm talking about the actual space-time around it,
sort of folds and bends and spins with it,
really, really, really fast.
So the space-time right next to it spins at close to the speed of light,
a little bit farther away it spins a little bit slower,
a little bit farther away a little bit slower.
But even at this distance, it spins really really really fast.
So all this accretion disk material
experiences different time flow.
Basically
what's really close to it
moves really really really slow
in comparison to something that's right here.
I guess the best example I can give you is,
imagine a particle that only lives for about 1 second.
So maybe there's a particle
that just lives for 1 second and then disappears.
So if I was to put this particle far away
from this black hole, somewhere right here,
maybe it will live for 1.5s or something.
If we move a little bit closer here, it will live for about 2s.
A little bit closer here, maybe 4s.
8s, 16s, and so on.
Until we get very close to it, and it will actually live for several hours.
Because
even though for the particle itself
in it's time frame the time doesn't actually change.
So basically the particle itself just sees it's life as 1 second.
We, from a distance,
from this distance, would see it as living several hours.
It would actually be moving in slow motion to us.
Because the dragging of space-time slows down time dramatically.
Up to the point where it might actually be
some of the slowest time in our Universe.
So, essentially, you know, if you were to take two twins
brother and a brother who are exactly the same
age, and then you were to leave one of them on Earth,
and then you were to bring one of them
- and there's actually two astronauts that i'm showing you
on the square now that actually are twins -
and if you were to put one of them orbiting around this black hole right here
and because this is actually supermassive
you'll not be killed, you'll not be spaghettified, but you'll just be orbiting around it
and then if this astronaut that's orbiting around the black hole
would stay there for about an hour or 2 hours
and then somehow come back to Earth, he would realize that
it's very likely that everyone he knows, including his twin brother
has already been gone, they're essentially dead.
And tht's mostly because for him only an hour or 2 passed
but for people on Earth many many years have passed. And
this what we actually call relativity,
and what we actually refer to as time dilation.
And the effects of time dilation right next to this black hole,
right at the edge, are absolutely extreme.
And of course you could also obviously use this effect
to essentially time travel.
So if you were to actually stay here for,
you know, several hours, several days, several weeks,
and then come back, back to Earth,
you would be moving in time, you'll be moving through time,
and you'll be arriving to Earth
into the future, and for you, only a few hours, a few days, a few weeks have passed
but for people on Earth
many many years, many decades and possibly even millennium
have actually passed.
Now,
let's actually take a look at some of the stars here.
Specifically, I think, this one right here.
Because it is
the star that approaches
this particular black hole the closest.
As a matter of fact
right when it's
the closest to this black hole,
- I think it's going to be there -
right around here,
this is where we are basically the closest.
So for this particular star, time also obviously
passes a lot slower
when it's at the closest to the black hole. So
this star would actually have really really interesting effects on it.
First of all because it has quite an elliptical orbit,
sometimes it's close to the black hole, sometimes it's far away.
Which also suggests that
basically this star and all of the particles in it
kind of go through really different time frames
every once in a while. So
here specifically we're talking about someting like every
year or 300 to 324 days. Every 324 days,
it goes through some really interesting effects.
So basically, it slows down
quite dramatically right here
for an observer from the outside,
and then it moves away from this black hole,
and starts moving at a slightly different speed again
or a slightly different time frame that is.
So right here it's very very slow.
And now that it's going to start moving away from this black hole,
which is doing right now, the time would start accelerating.
And the star will start basically
spinning a little bit faster, and doing things a little bit faster,
all of the particles on the inside would also act a little bit faster.
But this is actually a very interesting system to observe, and
this would be a very very interesting black hole to study because
this is essentially how we could learn more about the Universe
by studying these
very interesting time dilation effects.
And obviously an experiment with things that were actually seen
in the movie Interstellar, because
all of those effects that you saw in Interstellar,
all of those time dilation effects,
and time travel effects,
are essentially real in this particular galaxy.
Now, obviously all these effects will disappear
if you were to move away,
quite far away from this black hole.
But, being so close to it
the effects would be very very very dramatic.
So even for this star or for any of the other stars orbiting around it
these effects would be quite dramatic.
And they would actually experience
quite a long life in comparison to other stars in our Universe.
Because the closest star, or some of the closest stars here
would actually live several times longer than
any other star in our Universe
because of the time dilation
So even though our Sun might only live about
10 to about 12 billion years,
this star right here - i'm putting it right now -
even though it's very very Sun-like,
would actually live much much much longer, at least
in relation to obviously
our Sun, and from the perspective of our own
solar system and our planet Earth.
So this star would maybe live 3, 4, 5 times longer.
Basically surviving for many more billions of years
than our own Sun.
And, well, anyway, so that's really all I wanted to
kind of show you in this relatively short video.
And I just wanted to kind of explain to you that
sometimes things that you see in science fiction are actually
real, they're reality, they're basically based on things
that do exist in the Universe.
So many people may have not realized that
Interstellar, even though it's actually a science-fiction movie,
was actually showing you something that does exist
in real life. And specifically, we're talking about
this particular
supermassive black hole
known as NGC1365.
And before we end this video, let's actually enter this black hole
and end our video inside of it.
Because this is a very very beautiful black hole
that I kind of wanted to explore on the inside as well.
And anyway,
Thank you so much for watching, i hope that you learned something
from this video and i hope you enjoyed watching it as well.
And if you have and you still haven't subscribed
click that subscribe button right now, because there's
so many more videos coming in the future.
And thank you so much for watching, please share this video
with someone you think might learn something from it.
And if you still haven't seen Interstellar, go and check it out.
it's an amazing amazing movie
that will teach you quite a lot about our nature,
science, Universe, and obviously space as well.
So we're entering the supermassive black hole
Everything is going to blue shift
to the extreme.
And the Universe behind us is going to close forever.
And that's the end
of the Universe.
Thank you for watching. I'll see you guys later.
And as always, bye bye.
And now, let's go back to Earth
really really quickly, using
the function in Space Engine known as
and now let's just return back to Earth
because it's about time we went home
Maybe one day we'll make it to this galaxy, but
but definitely not in next few decades
and possibly not even in next few hundreds of years.
Because we don't really just have the technology for it just yet.
For now this is our home, so let's take care of it.