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greetings Internet and welcome to
scishow quiz show I'm your host Michael
Aranda if you are the most attractive
scishow host I must say I don't you ever
get mistaken for me
near not wearing a black shirt all the
time yeah me too you're welcome thank
you in real life my name is Blake de
pastino and I'm their editor in chief of
scishow and also co-host of PBS eons
with this guy who'll get to later but
I'm only here today to officiate over
the final face-off between these two
scishow hosts on my right is the real
Michael Aranda hmm can I ask you a
personal question
tell me about your here you've updated
your look have I yes I just let the
blonde grow out and I haven't gotten
around to bleaching it yet I'll be back
I'll be back I like it I actually
getting my own blonde streak if you
consider grade to be a very very light
shade of blonde I left is eccentric
billionaire Hank green hello I die all
my hairs and you know he is right -
enough to introduce you we're all
wearing black today because this is the
last episode for a long time of scishow
quiz show before we may be updated in
some ways but I'm wearing like confetti
sprinkles maybe it's black it's got a
little blue in it you're right it is
deep navy school illusion I don't wanna
care either
it's like the dress is it black or navy
I'll tell you what somebody's got a
better bicep than somebody else so these
two dummies are playing for prizes but
they're not going to receive the prizes
Curtis did they will go to patreon
patrons who we've selected at random who
are they
you'll be playing for a Sandra Reedy
hello Sandra and you what's your name
will be playing for Daniel Bryan
Daniel O'Brien and to show our players
and audience what they will win here is
a lovely and talented Stefan chin Stefan
where am I oh it's the prize well my
friends this is it this is our final
time together for now but you know what
that means everything's on sale
everything must been all prizes are 40%
off 60% off 90% off wait what's that oh
there's nothing left
wait looters what I don't know what's
happening well Sandra and Daniel you're
definitely still getting the autograph
car
from the final round of the show and the
person who ends up with the most points
will get the commemorative I won scishow
quiz show pin it's made of metal but the
biggest loser of the show will get the
last final and the rarest of the rare
pins because it's the last ever
I lost scishow quiz show pin well I
guess this is it coming at you from the
prize zone this is Stefan chin signing
on okay now I'm gonna start you each off
with a thousand points each trying to
get a correct answer you will gain
points and if you give a wrong answer
you will lose points yes do you follow
that yes yeah okay so arbitrary is it so
without further ado let's jump into our
first round mm-hmm looks can be
deceiving
okay this is a picture round so all of
our answers will be based on images you
ready mm-hmm
plants and animals come in a dizzying
variety of colors in many cases these
colors are based on pigments and those
sign-ins for example art pigments that
give plants fibrin chains of red purple
and blue but as purple were interested
in today because my question to you is
which of the following four purple
fruits or vegetables does not actually
exist okay the tomato be the cauliflower
see the strawberry or deed the line ooh
a purple line oh I forgot we had to buzz
in i'ma say D no I wasn't gonna say D
but cuz you lost points I'm gonna say C
that strawberry looks fake to me that is
correct hey I don't understand the
answers to these things but I have a
colleague who does so here's smart Blake
to explain the answer thank you dumb
Blake anthocyanins aren't just pigments
they're also antioxidants meaning they
can help wrangle charge free radicals
that can cause harm to cells now some
people think that foods high in
anthocyanins are especially good for you
like that purple cauliflower but the
science behind that claim isn't exactly
solid nonetheless scientists have found
ways to get more of these molecules into
foods that normally don't have them
which is where those blue tomatoes and
purple limes come from garden variety
Tomatoes don't usually have anthocyanins
in their fruits themselves but some wild
varieties do so with careful pollinating
and selective breeding researchers have
been able to produce tomato plants that
make purple fruits and most limes don't
produce entha sign-ins naturally so to
get purple ones
have given Mexican limes the genes from
grapes and blood oranges which sounds
rather delicious as for strawberries
they do contain anthocyanins but not
enough of the blue ones to make the
berries look purple and so far as far as
we know no one has tried to breed or
engineer purple strawberries back to you
dumb Blake I'm glad you won oh so there
might not be a purple strawberries yet
hmm but I am all about their development
because they look delicious let me
redirect the conversation in slightly
and let's talk about cockroaches Oh
there are over 7,500 species in the
order black todya bola to do which i
think is hilarious because how whoever
named the cockroaches we're like you're
looking at cockroaches and you're like
oh yeah yeah we'll just say it means
something in Greek anyway blat Odia is
the order that includes cockroaches and
they are incredibly diverse some are
even downright beautiful so I had no
idea I thought cockroaches were one
species they would think under different
cockroaches this is amazing news I mean
probably not amazing it is for everybody
I'm excited though I am too I mean it's
why I was I can't get excited about
cockroaches I yeah that's great
which of the following is not one of
those cockroach species oh okay we've
got pictures oh yeah so is it a the red
stripe anyone be this noble bug see this
spotted beauty D this large winged bug
huh E this glowing beast or F this
little blue beauty okay boy oh boy they
they are staggering variety hit me I'm
gonna go with F I was gonna go with that
oh you saved me I lost points oh thank
you
I will go with I don't know like a well
there was so many there were so many the
roaches that we love to loathe are just
a small fraction of the order blue todya
the ancestor of all cockroaches split
from its insect relatives right after
the end-permian extinction 252 million
years ago and in this post extinction
world there was room for roaches to
diversify which is probably why you can
find all sorts of pretty cockroaches
today you can even find ones that mimic
other insects including beetles and
fireflies with that picture on our line
was a true Firefly not a cockroach mimic
now you astute viewers might have
noticed that there's a termite in that
group as well and that's because
technically speaking termites are
cockroaches a pair of studies has
demonstrated that termites are an
offshoot of the cockroach order
basically a version of roaches that
lives in colonies but the interesting
thing is that this split took place
around 150 million years ago a good 50
million years before ants are be started
living in colonies so good for them I
guess back to you Blake I once filled a
cockroach on my face with a shoe no the
cockroach was on the counter I was
asleep at the time and I oh yeah and I
woke up and I was like there's a
cockroach on they leave like squish on
your face yeah it was smelled really bad
on the inside huh think about be ahead
for now but it's anyone's game because
it's time for round 2 which there's our
patron potpourri oh is that why it
smells so good in here suddenly if yeah
we asked our patrons to vote on some
topics for potential questions and these
are the ones that they voted for and
it's about blood do you ready oh I have
some of that what blood type are you
really you should know that oh I'm the
best one I am a positive and it's only a
plus I've ever gotten I'm very proud of
it so a blood type is a combination of
special molecules called antigens that
you have on your red blood cells hmm
like a person with a B+ has a and B
antigens as well as rhesus D antigens
which is the plus and so these three
antigens and various combinations of
them give us the eight major blood types
that we know of
mm-hm and your blood type is super
important because it dictates who can
receive your blood but your blood type
is actually an oversimplification
because there are many other rare blood
types hmm these happen when people have
or lack other antigens so the question
is how many of these blood antigens are
known to science oh is it a around 35 be
a little over 200 see more than 600 D
over 2,000 so it's a total number of
known blood antigens known to science so
there's like zoos like I can't look up
at card huh I guess I look first and I'm
gonna go over 2,000
that is incorrect well but I was talking
about all animals not just human that's
not what the questions
so therefore judging on this
we don't have judges because we're
making us all yes B that is also
incorrect is it it was more than six
hundred two thousand is more than six
hundred but we go by Price is Right
rules I was in so I think I should get
those points what if we just give
Michael a thousand points for hosting
special oh okay what do you mean even
when a donors blood is matched with the
recipient like a person with a negative
blood is given o-negative blood
transfusion reactions can still happen
and that's because there aren't just
three blood antigens there are hundreds
over six hundred as of 2019 and new ones
keep being discovered those discoveries
generally occur when something goes
wrong when a human body encounters a
blood antigen has never seen it mounts
an immune response to it so new antigens
are generally discovered when an
unexpected reaction occurs either during
a transfusion or hopefully when blood is
being tested before being used if
something strange does happen like two
blood samples clumping together that
could indicate that either the donor has
a new rare intogen or the recipient Lexx
one that most other people have in other
words one of them has a rare blood type
from there scientists have to track down
what actually caused the reaction can
figure out what's different about the
blood cells involved so while we think
of human blood is coming in eight
flavors if you were to take into account
all of the known antigens in all their
possible combinations there are actually
millions of human blood types those
eight are just by far the most common a
while smart Blake was talking we decide
the plate gets 10,000 points but why
thank you but you can't win because
you're hosting oh that's true
and then not have to give it to the
patreon patron and then they're all the
tax ramifications of semi existent
gameshow okay so moving on from human
blood let's turn to another delicious
liquid day whiskey Oh sometimes that's
in human blood well probably not
actually whiskey
let the whole of the whole whiskey yeah
whiskey is made from mashed fermented
cereal grains like Captain Crunch or
Froot Loops it says here yeah and the
unicorn think that they sell at Costco
did that also is included in this you
can make whiskey from that it's not
exactly clear who distilled the first
whiskey
many would say that Tennesseans
perfected it hmm because Tennesseans
added a step to the process known as the
Lincoln County process so what happens
during this process is it a aromatic
compounds from sweet woods like sugar
maple leach into the whisky be new
aromatic compounds are made when the
booze is heated in the barrel see new
aromatic compounds form when the booze
is vigorously stirred or a/d a
significant portion of that yes just
like that
d a significant portion of the aromatic
compounds are moved by charcoal hmm
yes mr. green with D D yes
Scotch is only Scotch if it's made in
Scotland and champagne is only champagne
if it comes from the old province of
champagne in France but the key to
making Tennessee whiskey even more than
the place is the Lincoln County process
that's the charcoal mellowing step that
by law defines Tennessee whiskey because
sugar maple is usually used for the
charcoal you may think that Tennessee
whiskey sweetness comes from the wood
but this process doesn't add sweet
flavors it actually removes some of the
chemicals in the booze and chemists have
only begun to investigate exactly what's
taken out researchers at the University
of Tennessee studied the chemicals in
whisky that humans can smell called
odorants and compared them before and
after this critical step unsurprisingly
the filtered whiskey had a milder smell
but the researchers were shocked to find
that some odorants decreased by up to
30%
so that charcoal really does take a lot
out of the booze in future studies
researchers hope to bury things like how
long the whiskey filters and the ratio
of charcoal to whiskey to figure out
what makes for the tastiest final
product please enjoy this quiz show
responsibly and now back to regular dumb
Blake quite interesting indeed let's see
what other patrons are interested in
apparently it's monkeys oh yeah I'm
gonna be my blood whiskey monkeys all
the best thing this show has everything
these are very smart animals that can
learn new behaviors so it shouldn't be
surprising that monkeys that hang around
humans have all sorts of weird things
but the closer researchers have looked
at wild populations the more they find
that monkeys do surprisingly human
things even when they haven't been
influenced by us which of the following
behaviors has been observed in macaques
that have lived around humans and in
ones that aren't usually around people
is it a bartering be flossing and it's
helped you specify not dancing
but flossing the teeth okay I would
empty my pockets to see a monkey
flossing yeah I would pay I give all the
money I have to see that see weeding
grasses d wearing coverings on their
feet oh hey you saved me again thank you
Michael
ah I just had a bunch of fish tacos and
I kind of need to foster myself right
now but I can't be flossing right that's
correct washing their teeth I said it
can't be flossing and you just told me
at one it is so you get that I'm giving
you this point you're welcome Wow very
lucky I too would enjoy seeing a monkey
flossing but it turns out that behavior
that's been observed in primates is the
kind having to do with dental hygiene in
monkeys tooth flossing was first
reported among long-tailed macaques in
Thailand in 2007 and at the time it was
thought to be a novel behavior because
in general it was thought that tool use
wasn't very common in monkeys that was
more of an ape thing but these macaques
lived in and around a Buddhist shrine
where there is abundant material for
them to work with in the form of human
hair and lo and behold as scientists
observed more populations of monkeys
they came to realize that flossing
wasn't unique to the macaques at the
shrine Japanese macaques have somehow
picked up the habit - and has even been
observed in macaque populations that
don't live alongside people in the
absence of human hair monkeys will faust
with pretty much anything that's fibrous
from coconut husks to blades of grass to
even feathers but not all monkeys floss
which suggested it's a learned behavior
path from one monkey to another and that
might also be why female monkeys
exaggerate their flossing movements in
the presence of their young which is
just adorable back to you Blake I was
just so excited that was the right
answer whooping that actually had the
fossa dancing was gonna be the answer oh
yeah they also then I mean a macaque
could definitely play for tonight no
doubt you think so oh yeah that well
would it beat you it would be me
probably beat me - okay let's tell you
the scores Hank green has 1400 whoo
Michael Aranda has 1500 quite an - dude
it has 10,000 yeah and with that it is
time for our final round blue sharpies
out gentlemen this is your chance
because it all comes down to how much
you bet and how you answer the question
in this last round which our writer has
titled waste not what not and as it
happens this question is also chosen by
our patrons and it's also about poop oh
yeah specifically bat poop or as it's
often called in a more sane
t-turn guano okay but first let's pause
for a break okay we're back anyone who
has ever had bats take up residence in
their attic know that that's poop a lot
yeah and has it happened to you no I'm
just saying like I almost pooped - lot
and good for them right yeah you got to
be regular if you're gonna be happy this
makes them an important player in many
ecosystems there are entire cave systems
that rely on bat guano and over the
centuries people have found it to be a
very rich and useful substance - now
which of the following is not a way that
people have either used bat guano or are
currently investigating using it okay
there are only six choices ah so brace
yourselves oh goodness gracious is much
harder is it eh explosives be adhesives
see protein powder D compost activator e
detergent booster or F livestock feed
supplement I mean all right you ready
ready we both said C and you're both
incorrect Oh
which would you wager all the points oh
wait I do high-five as excreted waste
goes guano is incredibly useful that's
why people have been mining it and using
it for centuries it's high in nutrients
like nitrogen and phosphorus which makes
it an excellent fertilizer and all that
nitrogen also makes it the perfect
ingredient in explosives you see to make
gunpowder you need potassium nitrate
also known as saltpeter and bat guano
contains a lot of nitrates which can be
extracted and mixed with sulfur and
charcoal to make gunpowder really there
are so many uses for guano it's almost
unbelievable scientists have isolated
useful enzymes from the bacteria that
live in it which you including potential
detergent additives so yes bat poop may
someday help clean your clothes and
because some bats eat insects their
guano is also an excellent source of
chitin a polysaccharide that makes up
insects exoskeletons chitin and similar
molecules have a wide range of
applications some of which are in
medicine and food like protein powder
though it's not at all certain that the
chitin found in bat poop could be
approved for human consumption it might
be for livestock though researchers have
considered using it to supplement
livestock feeds lots of animals already
equine of course that's one of the most
important foods in cave ecosystems but
as of yet no one seems to have suggested
looking for it he
into stuff maybe they will someday who
knows back to you done Blake I almost
went with that one I thought about it
uses as well but I was like no one would
eat protein powder with bat guano
my thought was shouldn't the bats have
used the protein but I guess if it's a
livestock supplement then like I don't
have my protein powder with that back
100 in it I'm livestock I didn't quite
insist on it yeah I'm at the juice bar
at the gym and like please more Becca no
I don't I don't doubt it
don't doubt you Daniel congratulations
yes zero point zero points I thought for
Daniel I was playing for Dan you were
playing our Sandra you're playing I was
playing through Sandra you were playing
for Daniel yeah apparently not because
everybody's a loser it says use both
their birds victorious today which is
not true but you will both reign as
champion a scishow quiz show for
sometime and that's because we've
decided to revamp our quiz shows we want
to spend some time retooling it thinking
about it and we'd like input from you
what you would like to see would you
like different kinds of questions there
kind of format a new set do you not want
to ever see me on the show again there
are a lot of options let us know in the
comments in the meantime you can see
these fellows still scishow every week I
have to do is subscribe and you can see
me on PBS Aeons at youtube.com slash
yawns whoo
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you
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