Now I’m sure you’ve already heard about the banana duct-taped to a wall at an art
fair in Miami.
And about the person who ate the banana.
And the multitudes who’ve created their own gestures in response.
You might already have a firm opinion about it all, too.
But I’d like to ask you to clear away for a moment what you know or think you know about
this thing that’s happened, and consider it with me anew.
What do we think of this $150,000 banana?
Let’s get the facts in front of us.
(And yes, there are still facts.)
This real banana, attached to the wall with a length of standard issue silver duct tape,
is titled Comedian, and it the brainchild of Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan.
It was presented in his gallery’s booth at the 2019 edition of Art Basel Miami Beach,
an art fair that’s been held annually in Miami since 2002.
Galleries from around the world apply to have the privilege of paying for space to display
their wares within the Miami Beach Convention Center.
Then, for a handful of days in early December, a bunch of mostly affluent people descend
on the fair and the many others shows, events, and parties that have sprung up around it.
Collectors come to buy art, of course, but anyone who can afford a ticket--starting at
$50--can come just to look at a ton of art and witness the fair as a fascinating sociological
phenomenon.
This is all to say that Comedian was just one very small work of art in booth D24 in
a loud and crowded convention center filled with thousands of works of art, many of them
rather huge.
But it didn’t take long after the doors opened for the banana to attract attention...
and also buyers.
Galerie Perrotin was offering three editions of the work for $120,000 each.
Two of those sold very quickly, and then the dealer raised the price to $150,000 for the
third, which also sold.
There were an additional two “artist proofs” of Comedian that were both sold to museums
by the end of the fair.
Now “artist proofs” are generally the small number of prints in a limited edition
that an artist hangs on to for their own collection, or to hold back and sell later on to someone
important.
They’re often regarded as special and can sell for more than the original edition, even
though, yes, they are technically the exact same.
And this is very funny in the case of Comedian because it’s a conceptual artwork!
The buyers did not purchase actual bananas and duct tape.
They paid 120 or 150,000 dollars for an idea.
All they’re getting is a certificate of authenticity that proves it’s a verified
artwork by Maurizio Cattelan, and instructions for how to install it.
Can anyone who wants to buy a banana from the grocery store and tape it to the wall
in the exact same way?
YES.
But only people with the certificate are technically owners of Comedian, which they can replenish
as often as needed with a fresh banana and duct tape.
The museums that own the certificate are the only ones who can rightfully display a banana
duct taped to a wall this way, and put a label next to it with Cattelan’s name on it.
I’m guessing they’ll have the right to loan out the certificate to other institutions
too, who will likely be clamoring to get in on a piece of the banana action.
This may sound absurd, but there are many examples of this kind of thing in the history
of conceptual art.
It’s what allows museums and individuals to own and exhibit wall drawings by Sol LeWitt,
who issued certificates of authenticity with each work, along with detailed diagrams and
instructions for how they should be installed.
You didn’t need LeWitt to paint the walls himself when he was alive or even now that
he’s not.
If you move or want to show the wall drawing somewhere else, you have to paint over or
destroy the old wall drawing, and have it remade in the new location according to specification.
But you’ve got to have that certificate.
This is what is simultaneously so maddening and hilarious about Cattelan’s banana.
He has selected one of the most common and easily accessible of objects, and through
will and clout and roguish ingenuity, has transformed nothing into something of value.
All artists perform a type of alchemy when they turn humble materials into items people
will pay money for.
But Comedian sets this reality into high relief, especially with its strategic placement in
the context of a sceney art fair, calling out the absurdly inflated art market and the
narrow sliver of the privileged population that participates in it.
But it’s not actually nothing that the buyers of Comedian receive with their purchase.
They now own a valuable artwork by Maurizio Cattelan.
The same Cattelan who has been long been pulling art pranks and exhibiting in respected museums
and galleries around the world.
He made a solid gold fully-functional toilet titled America in 2016 that for a time was
available for use in a bathroom at the Guggenheim in New York.
That is, until it was stolen when on loan for an exhibition in England.
But for Cattelan, nothing is sacred.
When viewed in the context of his sculpture of Pope John Paul II being struck by a meteorite,
or his miniature figure of Hitler kneeling in repentance, the banana is pretty inoffensive
subject matter, even with its obvious phallic allusions.
But Comedian is firmly in the Cattelan tradition of exploiting and exposing the things we love,
and hate, and hold dear.
It pokes fun at our desire for art to be unique, original, or something we couldn’t do ourselves.
And for art buyers and sellers, it laughs at their susceptibility to hype, name recognition,
and the perception of scarcity.
Cattalan has a track record for involving his galleries in his exploits, too.
In 1995, he designed a costume for his dealer Emmanuel Perrotin to wear throughout the run
of the show.
And in 1999, he duct taped gallerist Massimo de Carlo to the wall for the entire 2-hour
opening.
So the duct tape is an art world in-joke, and also something that ties Comedian clearly
to Cattelan’s wider body of work.
Oh and the guy really likes to hang things, by the way.
For his 2011 retrospective at the Guggenheim, Cattelan suspended all of his works from the
ceiling of the rotunda instead of putting them along the walls like usual.
Comedian also has plenty of ties to art history, for those who care about that sort of thing.
Marcel Duchamp was the famed progenitor of the readymade, credited as the first to put
a non-art object into a gallery and call it art, and Cattelan’s banana is certainly
part of that tradition.
And very many artists have put bananas and images of bananas to use, like Andy Warhol
did in 1967 for his Velvet Underground & Nico album cover, complete with peelable sticker.
The banana has appeared frequently in works often grouped under the banner of Feminist
art, like Natalia LL’s 1970s Consumer Art series.
And art historian Linda Nochlin’s 1972 play on a 19th Century image of a woman with a
tray apples.
The Guerrilla Girls have put the banana to good use in some of their 1980s protest posters,
and plenty of other artists have, too.
All of these things may or may not have been on Cattelan’s mind when selecting a banana
for this work, but it doesn’t matter.
They are all things that makes Comedian a potentially good investment, and the ultimate
Cattelan for a collector to own.
They can of course show it off at dinner parties, or just enjoy the fun of watching it rot and
having to always make sure to have bananas on hand.
If that’s your idea of fun.
They can also loan it out to museums for shows, or sell it if they want to, probably making
a considerable profit.
That is until the art bubble bursts.
But for the museums who’ve purchased it, good god they’re going to be mobbed.
Who wouldn’t want to come take a selfie with the famous banana, although museums are
likely going to confront the same challenges that the gallery did at the fair.
Lines formed quickly of people wanting to see and take selfies with Comedian, and things
went relatively smoothly until one fair-goer, artist David Datuna, decided to remove the
banana from the wall and eat it, explaining that he was performing his own work titled
“Hungry Artist.”
While it did get a lot of media coverage, it didn’t mean much to the artwork itself.
The gallery had another banana, and Comedian was back in no time.
Because Datuna didn’t eat the artwork.
To do that, he would have had to have eaten the certificate of authenticity.
Which is a performance I would actually really want to see.
But the gallery did decide to take the work down before the end of the fair, because of
the crowds and risk to the safety of other artwork and people in the vicinity.
And let’s talk about the gallery for a minute, because they do play an interesting role in
this.
Their instagram posts explain Comedian as related to Cattalan’s past work, offering
“a wry commentary on society, power, and authority” and “insight into how we assign
worth and what kind of objects we value.”
Which is all fine and good and you can accept that or not, but the good stuff comes with
their post about taking the work down.
They say: ‘Comedian,’ with its simple composition, ultimately offered a complex
reflection of ourselves.
We would like to warmly thank all those who participated in this memorable adventure,
as well as to our colleagues.
We sincerely apologize to all the visitors of the fair who today will not be able to
participate in ‘Comedian.’”
Yes, that’s right.
Participate in.
Because the artwork isn’t just the banana, and neither is it the certificate of authenticity,
really.
It’s all of us.
It’s those who flocked to see it, our response to it, our memes, the press, this video!
As Teddy L Wang astutely commented to our community post about it: “I think the outrage
is the art.”
And the outrage around the art of course makes it more valuable, because it makes it more
famous, which these days is a proxy for value.
“Hungry Artist” may have been intended as a critique, but in the short run all it’s
done is bolster the value of Comedian.
Several of you asked me to not make a video about this, and I get it.
Us talking about it gives this work its power, and it implicates us as players in its scheme.
For everyone who loves art or spends a lot of time trying to make or support truly earnest
creative endeavors, both Comedian and Datuna’s banana-eating are big downers.
That the only art that filters out into wider discussion is multi-million dollar auction
sales or this, does devalue the good work that many are trying to do.
And it adds fuel to the already-raging fires of those who “hate modern art” or think
anything art-related is a con game.
Some of it is a con game, but not all of it.
But whether or not you like Comedian or think it’s constructive, it does reflect life
today.
One of the great things art can do is point to what makes the now moment distinct from
all the other moments.
And life for many of us is confounding and absurd and inflated and outrageous.
I by outrageous I mean filled with outrage, at something new and different every week.
And it’s rarely about the real outrage, like the root causes behind the polarization
of wealth, but about… bananas.
This pool of images we’re swimming in, and instant meme-ification of everything, has
left us even more unsure than we’ve ever been of what art is supposed to be and do.
It shouldn’t shock us that a mere idea can be worth 150,000 dollars.
What after all is intellectual property?
What is "influence" and "views" and "likes," but social capital that’s been turned into
capital captial.
Nothing is sacred, everything is a commodity, and we’re not sure whether to laugh or cry.
My problem with Comedian is not that it’s conceptual, it’s that it comments about
our superficiality in a superficial way.
It demonstrates what is deeply wrong with contemporary discourse, but without much depth.
Which is to say: It might not be the art we want, but I fear it
is
the art we deserve.