[Professor Robert Prentice] Many of the Concepts Unwrapped videos use the research generated
by the new field of behavioral ethics to illustrate how difficult it can be to do the right thing,
even for people who are good folks.
A desire to please authority or to fit in with the group may cause people to act inconsistently
with their own moral values.
For example, the slippery slope can cause people to fail to notice lapses in moral judgment
made by themselves or others.
The list goes on, but the underlying lesson is clear: It's not easy to always be a good
person, even if you want to be.
But behavioral ethics can also give us guidance as to how to act more ethically and induce
others to do so too.
According to Professor James Rest, there are four key steps to acting ethically, which
we have modified slightly.
First, people must perceive the ethical dimensions of an issue that they face.
This is Moral Awareness.
Second, they must have the ability to decide upon a course of action that is ethical.
This is Moral Decision Making.
Third, they must have the desire to act on that ethical decision.
This is known as Moral Intent.
Fourth and finally, they must have the motivation and courage to act upon that desire,
which we call Moral Action.
This video explores the first step to being your best self,
which means developing moral awareness.
[Carlos] I think the important thing is to recognize that there is always an ethical issue.
There is always an ethical dimension to any decision that we make.
Absent moral awareness, people might accidentally make the right choice, but they might also
accidentally make an unethical choice because they are focusing upon other aspects of the
decision calculus and inadvertently omitting any ethical considerations.
[Nikki] I've made some gut... decisions with my gut, that have had unintended consequences
like down the road in my personal life where I feel like in a relationship with someone,
I can sense that they may not be true to me and may not be being faithful and honest about
all their intentions and I ignore it because what I want in the moment is more important
to me then than standing up and saying, "This isn't right."
It's really easy to do that in like a personal situation because you think that like
I can sacrifice, like, future pain for like, present happiness,
which I think definitely has parallels in the workplace.
Studies on selective attention prove that people generally see what they expect to see.
If you focus too much on pleasing your boss, on getting along with your co-workers, on
meeting sales quotas or bonus targets, you may not even see an ethical issue which is
right there in front of you.
The phenomenon that Professors Bazerman and Tenbrunsel call "ethical fading," and Drumwright
and Murphy call "moral myopia," can blind all of us to ethical miscues if we're not careful.
[Taylor] For this marketing and advertising class I had, we had to do a campaign, and
I personally am really against…
I’m against some of the ads that are out there because I feel like it depicts one centralized
image of beauty or what beautiful is.
So one of our ads was with a group, and of course, all the guys were like, “Oh, Megan Fox
is so hot, we need to put her on the cover,” and I was like, “Ok, sure.”
And later on, I was thinking about it and I was wondering, “Why didn’t we just use
someone from our… normal, average girl from our class, like that’s still, I feel like,
the same level of beauty and it would portray to other people that there’s not just one
centralized image or one certain aspect of what beauty is.”
It is our responsibility, as people who wish to live ethical lives,
to keep ethics in our frame of reference.
We can do so by reminding ourselves every morning in the shower that we wish to be good
people and that to meet that goal we must constantly strive to act ethically,
just as we must constantly strive to gain more knowledge and skill
regarding the technical aspects of our jobs.
Looking out for ethical minefields is part of our personal and professional responsibility
every day.
When I was in the Marines, when I was in the Middle East, we had word that there was going
to be a car bomb that was headed towards our base.
Someone came by that matched most of what we had, but didn't match everything.
Even though a lot of people were convinced that this was the guy, and that our situation was
solved, and that we caught the car bomber, something in my gut had me thinking otherwise.
So I spent about 12 hours that day digging, and come to find out it wasn't him.
Definitely a case of my boss saying, "Alright, you've got it, let it go.
We've hit the 80% solution."
And in this case, 80% solution was not ethical.
Behavioral ethics teaches that we must practice listening to our moral intuition, "to our gut,"
rather than turning all ethical discussions into legalistic exercises like lawyers weighing
both sides of the issue or accountants parsing technical language in an attempt to justify
a position that intuition tells them is wrong.
Our gut instinct is not always right, but we would be foolish to ignore it.
Psychologists DeSteno and Valdesolo say this: "When faced with a moral decision,
take a few seconds to pause and listen to your inner voices.
Is there a hint of guilt, a hint of shame, a gut feeling of unease?
If so, don't ignore it."
This is your moral awareness awakening.
[Arthur] We're not meant to follow blindly the ideals of any system,
but to seriously inquire about how they apply to our lives, our ever-changing world,
and how they apply to the people, the organizations, and institutions that we work with.
Explaining that gut feeling and helping other people feel that gut feeling helped them empathize
with me and give me the time that I needed to get to the right conclusion.
[Melissa] Sometimes our gut feelings are a good indication that something wrong is
going on, and it is hard to decipher when you should be listening more to your gut and when
you should be doing more rational thinking.
If you have a feeling that it's not the right thing, make sure you keep working until it is.