Over the last 400 years, what power has done the most to spread the ideals of limited government,
an independent judiciary, certain inalienable rights, and free markets?
That power would be the British Empire.
It was Britain that gave these ideals to the United States.
It was the British Empire, the largest empire the world has ever known,
which made these ideals global aspirations.
It was the British Empire, along with America, that defended these ideals in two colossal
world wars.
Freedom was an Englishman’s right—and wherever he went, he took that right with him.
Whether he was an English colonist in America, governing himself through a locally-elected
assembly; or an English adventurer, like Sir Stamford Raffles, creating the free-market
city-state of Singapore; or an English officer, like T.E. Lawrence, leading Arab tribesmen
against the Turks, the British always thought of themselves as liberators, as bringers of freedom.
The British believed the final and necessary justification of their empire was a moral one.
The British kept the peace; they brought sound, honest administration; and they insisted that
basic moral standards were honored.
The British did not try to nation-build in the way we think of it now.
They were under no illusions about making Arabs or Afghans or Zulus into Englishmen.
They were more than content to leave people alone, to let them be themselves,
to govern them with the lightest possible hand.
In American history, we remember this when we think of the British Empire’s so-called
"benign neglect."
We can see it throughout the history of the British Empire.
Think about the vast territory of the Sudan—it was governed by 140 British civil-servants.
Even Gandhi praised the British Empire, paraphrasing Jefferson, saying that he believed that the
best government was the government that governed least, and that he found that the British
Empire guaranteed his freedom and governed him least of all.
In the defense of freedom, the empire drew moral lines.
No power did more to abolish slavery and the slave trade in the modern world
than did the British Empire.
The British treasury spent enormous sums to liberate slaves and compensate slave-owners
in the Caribbean.
The Royal Navy had, as a primary duty, the eradication of the slave-trade—and, in fact,
abolishing the slave trade become a major factor driving the expansion of the British Empire.
The British enforced a Pax Britannica, putting down pirates, taming headhunters, and keeping
the peace between previously warring tribes and religions.
While respecting—and often ruling through—local leaders, the British still insisted on certain
Judeo-Christian moral standards.
They were not, in that respect, multiculturalists.
They had a firm sense of right and wrong.
When Sir Charles Napier was confronted by the practice of suttee – widow-burning – in India,
he told the Brahmin priests involved that he understood it was their custom.
But the British had a custom, too: They hanged men who burned women alive,
and their goods were confiscated.
So, if the Brahmins insisted on continuing their tradition of widow-burning, then he
would insist on following his British tradition of hanging the murderers of widows.
Widow-burning in India soon ceased.
But we don’t have to dig far into history, into the abolition of slavery and widow-burning,
to find the British Empire on the side of moral right and freedom.
We can think of events within our own lifetimes or those of our parents and grandparents.
When we think of the two deadliest threats to freedom in the twentieth century, we generally
think of Communism and Nazism.
But how many remember that in 1940, after the Hitler-Stalin pact, and after the fall
of France, one power, the British Empire, stood alone in mortal combat against the combined
tyrannies of the world.
Even where the British have merited criticism, as in Ireland, there is more to the imperial story.
During negotiations to create the Irish Republic, for instance, British Prime Minister David
Lloyd George, who could speak Welsh, reminded the Irish nationalist and Gaelic extremist
Eamon de Valera that the Celts never had a word for "republic."
It was an idea given to them by the English.
This is our own history, too.
If you love America, you should also love the power that gave us our sense of inalienable
rights—rights traceable back to Magna Carta.
It all started in America with the British Empire, a great, liberty-loving empire.
It is the empire’s legacy—the English-speaking world—that remains the great global guardian
of freedom today.
I’m HW Crocker for Prager University.