according to current generally accepted models the universe emerged from a point smaller than an atom
between 11.4 and 13.8 billion years ago these conclusions were broadly arrived at by taking
energy readings from stars for rates of decay and other energy processes and then extrapolating
where they are in the process like the carbon dating used on terrain artifacts nearly two and
a half billion years may seem like quite a large amount of leeway even by the cautious standards
favored by mainstream scientific communities but it happens that the universe at the time
of the big man wasn't just stranger than we could generally imagine it's much stranger than we can't
even imagine so what's the closest approximation we can get to imaging the state of the universe
before it became what we know and love today what can we learn about the shape of the universe
by looking into the void what eccentric processes went into our emergence as a way for the cosmos to
know itself well brace yourself because this video is going to take you through billions of years and
even more light years shrink it down smaller than an atom and show you the unobservable
number 10. the fog generally accepted models suggest it took much less than a billionth
of a second for the matter that was initially compressed together to be formed into a point
smaller than an atom after a period of roughly the first three hundred thousand to four hundred
thousand years the universe filled with its first matter an immense cloud of hydrogen which
quickly became colloquially known as fog in fact the hydrogen at the time would be
more accurately described as smog as publications such as science magazine report that despite being
only hydrogen the lightest known atom in the universe light could not escape it this was no
fleeting smog bag to be blown away by a stiff gust of cosmic wind it's theorized that this
immense pile of hydrogen took fully a billion years to dissipate that the universe were
somehow a middle-aged adult that means it was a pitch-black cloud for pretty much the equivalent
of its entire infancy and into its toddler stage 9. echoes from the bang as is well known the big
bang wasn't so much a massive explosion as it was a massive expansion put another way
it wasn't so much a bomb going off as an airbag deploying but as anyone who has had an airbag
in their face can report it is not quiet and neither was the original over the eons the echoes
have become very faint indeed despite knowing that these energy echoes were moving through the
universe since the 1960s it wasn't until 2014 that one of these waves was first measured it
stands to reason as nature magazine reported that the ripples of the waves from the big
bang are about 500 million light years apart as it happened the year before university of washington
physicist john kramer produced a 100 second demo of what the beginning of the universe sounded like
about 380 000 years after the big bang around the time that the hydrogen smog rolled in the sound is
less like music and more like a drone which slowly rises in pitch like something that would be used
in a science fiction production for when a ufo lands number eight the heat even if you had the
best time machine possible complete with a perfect self-contained life support system to keep all the
dark hydrogen from smothering you and that droning noise from getting stuck in your head you would
not want to go back to witness the emergence of the universe the early universe was extremely hot
by some estimates at one point after the expansion began everything was a thousand trillion degrees
celsius also known as one quadrillion that is approximately 20 billion times hotter than the
core of the sun with that relative temperature in mind it becomes pretty impressive that it's
only roughly 250 times hotter than humans have ever created this was achieved by an atmosphere
at brookhaven national laboratory in new york state in 2010 which is similar to the famous large
hadron collider near geneva switzerland one of the findings was that the melting point of subatomic
particles such as quarks is 2 trillion degrees so for a few milliseconds scientists near upton new
york firing gold particles at each other were able to give us a glimpse into the fog at the start of
the universe number 7. early galaxies the initial assumption was that galaxies would take billions
of years to form as hydrogen helium and lithium needed to be converted into heavier gases such as
oxygen and carbon in heat that could literally melt subatomic particles yet a study published
in june 2020 was reported by nasa to have found from background radiation tests in the universe
that stars and galaxies were emerging within 650 million years at the beginning of the universe
back when everything was still cloaked in hydrogen darkness when galaxies form with such
universal speed under such early circumstances the prevailing theory is that it's the result of gas
clouds colliding with extreme fury as stands to reason these oldest galaxies are on the farthest
outreaches of the known universe the cutting edge in the expansion of the universe they got to enjoy
a few hundred million years of peaceful existence before trouble reared its head by the time the
universe was a billion years old superdense black holes began to emerge while some theorized that
black holes may destroy these galaxies with their hundreds of billions of stars eventually more than
10 billion years still a pretty good run number 6. the time of antimatter as if it weren't already
difficult to imagine the time when all mat was hyper-compressed into a dark atom a quadrillion
degrees hot consider that half of it was composed of physics that worked essentially in reverse
according to the european council for nuclear research at the beginning of the universe half
of everything compressed into the origin point was antimatter so if you're wondering why matter isn't
constantly colliding with antimatter and thus exploding it's because within one billionth of
a second of the great expansion starting the balance of particles shifted in mata's favor
over antimatter by some extrapolations it was by maybe a billionth of a percent yet it was
enough that within less than a second all of the antimatter in the brand new universe was converted
into energy which today is known as the cosmic microwave background radiation it so happens that
the uniform nature of cmb was vital in the 1960s to the process of confirming the big bang number
five life through lightning let's take a break from hydrogen atoms and radiation in the first
eons to something more recent say only about 3.5 billion years ago one of the lingering questions
of how life began is how even if all of the protein strands glucose etc that were necessary
to form the first cells were together what stirred them together for life to begin in the first place
according to benjamin has jason harvey and sandra piazzolo of nature communications
lightning seems to have been behind all of this fuss roughly a billion years after earth formed
its atmosphere was filled with lightning storms according to a study published in march 2021
one of billions of bolts could have struck a body of water where all the chemicals had
settled together and also freed phosphorus from the ground starting the process of turning loose
protein into dna so while the use of lightning in frankenstein adaptations is a bastardization of
mary shelley's original novel it would appear that it's actually more faithful to the true
beginning of life number four the flawed planetary origin models back between when astronomers were
first discovering planets such as mercury with the telescope to only a few decades ago it was
assumed that most solar systems would follow models fairly close to ours the general model
is that all the heavy materials that form a rocky dwarf like earth such as carbon oxygen iron etc
were forged in stars and then gradually expelled and thus the age of a star in its planets could
be determined by measuring the amount of heavier atoms expelled by a star to fill its planets then
in 2010 solar systems dating back potentially 12 billion years or so began to be observed
such as hip-11952 and hip-13044 they go against expectations by being both so unimaginably old but
also by having gas planets in the positions where the rocky planets should be such as 11952c which
is close enough to its star that its years are only seven earth days long number three the first
star speaking of stars the question presents itself of which of our observable stars is the
oldest could we possibly know since presumably such a star would have gone supernova compressed
into one of those super dense neutron stars or become a black hole long ago in fact the first
stars remain entirely theoretical they're known as population 3 stars and are largely undetectable by
currently available means because their extended lives are theorized to have depleted them of all
heavier materials calcium magnesium etc the star we circle around is a relatively young population
one type and thus by cosmic standards full of the heavier materials that the old models said
created earth mercury venus etc that present the oldest known star is hypothesized to be as0039 290
000 light years away it's believed to have been part of a truly gigantic star roughly 20 times
the size of our sun and left behind when that bear moth went hypen over a phenomenon said to be about
10 to 100 times more powerful than a supernova as0039 potentially dates back to the first billion
years of the universe an extrapolation based on the fact that it's not only free of metal atoms
but also very light and other elements like carbon number two the inert young universe in the wake of
the great expansion that caused all of being and everything having been at one point a quadrillion
degrees it probably sounds like the very beginning of the universe was a very tumultuous time indeed
surely all that swirling dark hydrogen was a cosmic storm cloud producing trillions of the
same lightning bolts that possibly started life on earth it turns out to be overwhelmingly likely
that this was not the case but not because there wasn't energy actually as explained in
a 2006 paper from the massachusetts institute of technology by frank wilzettes and sean robinson
and reported by new scientists it was because of an overabundance of very particular kinds
of energy see the main forces of the universe include weak force strong force electromagnetism
and gravity when the universe was first created with all matter compressed together and so much
antimatter strong force and gravity essentially acted as a damp like flooding an engine so even
with quintillions of superheated hydrogen atoms colliding electricity could not exist in fact
it wasn't until the universe had expanded enough that it began to cool down that the energy stopped
cancelling each other out so that electricity could begin emerging in abundance 1. dark bubbles
you've probably heard of dark matter a concept first named in 1933 by california institute
of technologies fritz zwitzky in 1933. it was essentially an explanation for curious findings
of astronomical measurements that large amounts of matter and energy existed and they were not
currently observable except for the gravitational force that they exerted on their surroundings
nasa reports that it's so abundant roughly 27 percent of matter and 68 of energy in the universe
are dark the origin of the universe spread these dark particles in very curious ways as
published by dr michael baker dr andrew long and professor jackie kopp in physical review letters
in october 2020 dark matter seems to be emerging from vacuums that emerged with the beginning of
the universe but it's not as if dark matter and energy are pouring out of holes but more
as if they're coating the other layers of voids like bubbles that emerged when trillion-degree
temperatures at the beginning of the universe or as cop further explained perhaps it would
be more accurate to think of the dark energy and mata as coating these voids like ping pong ball
shells as other forms of matter and energy seem to find them extremely difficult to penetrate
it is truly curious to imagine that much of existence is the result of the universe simmering
after being brought to a full boil so i really hope you found this video interesting if you did
please do hit that thumbs up button below don't forget to subscribe and thank you for watching
you