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the description anyway let's get into this video today we're checking out another way to destroy
the universe you might have seen the other video three ways to destroy the universe so you should
go check that out uh and it I actually talked about vacuum Decay but I cut it out of that video
so I'll put that at the end of this one I cut it out of that video because it was already getting
really long and I realized he had another video specifically about it what if our universe comes
with a self-destruct button to eliminate itself so cleanly and efficiently that every single physical
thing would just stop existing and life would be impossible forever is that like one of those
suicide best I shouldn't say that in these videos um yeah well I guess if we're in a
simulation and I guess the universe could be like you know Insider suicide best just but yes
vacuum Decay would be like resetting a computer I guess if there was if we were in a simulation
anyone the ultimate ecological catastrophe vacuum Decay ecological I mean ecological
to explain how our universe could destroy itself we need to understand two principles
one energy levels all right we're going deep a core idea in physics is that everything has an
energy level the higher the level the more energy is in the system which for example has a high
level it can be burned a process that releases the chemical energy stored in its molecular bonds
and turns it into heat the ash left over is at a lower energy level than the wood before stability
thing in our universe tries to move towards its ground state in which it's completely stable and
has as little energy as possible for example a ball on a hill is unstable and has a lot of
potential energy when Disturbed it will roll down into the valley and lose its potential energy in
the process the ball is now in its ground state and stable it will remain like that
everything in our universe follows these two principles if something has a lot of
energy it's unstable and wants to get rid of it to become stable and reach its ground state
it's true for every system even in the weird world of quantum mechanics
if our current understanding of physics is correct then the universe gets its properties
from Quantum fields we explain them in detail in another video for this video imagine well this
is the limit of like experimentally verified you know understanding of physics obviously it
goes deeper you know you've got other things which there's no evidence for but which we
kind of like you know things like Loop quantum gravity things like string theory but anyway
um as the rules of the universe they tell particles how to behave and interact
like everything in the universe they want to be in the lowest energy level pass vacuum state
this has nothing to do with vacuum in space it's just called this way because scientists are bad
at naming things let's go back because I missed the lowest energy level possible which is called
a vacuum state this has called how to behave and interact like everything in the universe they
want to be in the lowest energy level possible which is called a vacuum state this has nothing
to do with vacuum in space it's just called this way because scientists are bad at naming things
we think all the fields reached their vacuum State except maybe one
it's possible that the hex field is not stable but metastable which is a fancy
way of saying that it pretends to be stable but really is not it would be a false vacuum
the Hicks field is responsible for giving particles their Mass which rules how almost
everything in the universe interacts what would happen if the Higgs field is in a false vacuum
think of our ball in the valley the ball is the Higgs field the valley might not be the lowest
energy State for the Higgs field there might be an even deeper value that it wants to get
to this would mean that the Hicks field has a lot of potential energy waiting to be released
the Hicks field could be like a piece of wood but drenched in gasoline waiting to set the Universe
on fire a random spark like Quantum tunneling could release the potential energy of the Higgs
field this could happen at any time Quantum tunneling image was not good because you know
like what the quantum tunneling analogy would be that it literally just disappears and appears on
the other side and without warning you can't talk about what happens when you know things Quantum
tunnel through in quantum mechanics we just that's like Hush Hush you're not allowed to even think
about that if at any point in space this so-called vacuum Decay starts there is no turning back
as the Higgs field crashes into the lower energy state it releases a massive amount of potential
energy this energy pushes the space around it over the barrier which releases more potential energy
a sphere of the new stable Higgs field or true vacuum grows at the speed of light in
all directions imagine it like setting a sea of gasoline the size of the Universe on fire
the sphere is surrounded by a shell of energy that devours everything it comes into contact with
whatever it touches is eliminated from existence
the bubble will continue to grow forever deleting the Universe on its way
there is no way to be warned since it's so fast but there's nothing we could do anyway
our destruction would be instant in a fraction of a second Earth would be gone some people actually
think that if vacuum Decay you know takes place what might be left is like a superheated part
of like an extremely dense sphere and some astrophysicists even believe that the universe
itself just before the Big Bang might have looked like this right because you know the Higgs field
is thought to have emerged surely after the big bang right and so it might actually be the driving
force which you know causes the universe to start over again essentially but it actually gets worse
here's the energy level of the Higgs field changes it changes all of physics in the true vacuum of
the sphere the standard model will be overthrown superseded by different physics that we don't know
how fundamental particles behave how atoms hold together how Chemicals React
vacuum Decay won't just destroy life it will destroy chemistry itself making Life as We Know
is impossible we simply have no idea what it would be like in size it might be a shadow of what it is
now or not we don't know if vacuum Decay happens the Outlook is indeed grim if you feel slightly
worried now don't be at this point false vacuum is speculation based on our current understanding of
particle physics which might be wrong it's kind of like using a ruler to measure a continent
sure you can do it but you might be off by quite a bit at the end
right now no one can say a vacuum Decay is a thing that's real or just a scary idea but even if one
or multiple spheres of death have already started expanding the universe is so big that they might
not reach us for billions of years if they're far enough away they might not ever be able to reach
us because of the expansion of the universe speed of light is not that fast on the scale of the
universe so while vacuum Decay is fascinatingly scary right now there are other things we should
be more afraid of in contrast to vacuum Decay we have the power to prepare for most of them
so that was a pretty good explanation let's talk a little bit about it I'm just going to
use footage from a previous video from the previous like three ways to destroy
the Universe I talked about vacuum decay in one of them and I realized there was another video
and the video was already quite long so I was like look I'll save that for today there's also
another idea which is you know perhaps Dark Energy could Decay you know and Trigger the
onset of like a really different universe and you know usually goes by the name right and for some
reason we have this universe with dark energy in it where the energy is an inherent to space
isn't zero right it has a positive non-zero value and you could imagine this is because
we're not at the bottom of a hill but because we're in what you call a false minimum a valley
right but not the lowest of all possible points and so if the universe uh won't Quantum in nature
we'd simply remain in the valley right but you know in a Quantum Universe it remains
possible that you could Quantum tunnel into the true minimum for the lower energy state
right and if that occurred there were a number of things could go you know pretty Bonkers for
instance the laws of physics and the values of the fundamental constants could change
the energy you know previously inherently to space could drop and that would cause new quantilike
particles and anti-particles to get ripped out of the vacuum um you know that could trigger a
new Big Bang one a lot lower in energy colder and less dense than the original maybe it would
take trillions of years even a single Atomic transition to occur in this new universe but
you know as we've all learned from Einstein it's that time like space is relative to The Observer