- [Bertie] Polar bears are such icons of the Arctic.
It's hard for anything else to escape their shadow.
But what if I told you only a few inches from the ground,
there's a host of less celebrated little creatures
who've made a playground of these brutal conditions
and defied all our expectations?
I'm not cute. I'm a killing machine.
Not useless. Pillar of the ecosystem.
Not adorable. Master of camouflage.
Exactly. Hang on tight,
because these unsung heroes of the Arctic
are going to blow your mind.
Big time.
At first glance, the Arctic feels brutally devoid of life.
Though a select group of animals
have figured out a way to thrive.
But the real force here works quietly underfoot.
Every winter, sea ice starts small and delicate.
Then, it grows over millions of square miles.
How is it possible that this freezer
holds the key to our entire planet?
Like a lung, sea ice breathes life
into the Arctic every year in a cycle
that impacts the climate across the globe.
This is the story from the edge of the Canadian Arctic
where it all starts.
My name's Bertie Gregory
and I'm a National Geographic wildlife filmmaker.
Everything is at stake.
We're all waiting for the big freeze.
It's the height of winter on the edge of the Arctic.
The landscape is now dominated by ice.
For the next few months, only the hardiest survive.
Oh, my eyelids keep freezing shut.
You'd think that the animals that were hardest
to film would be the polar bears.
You know, the great wanderers.
But really, it's these small animals
that prove me the most difficult.
Come on. Where are you little guys?
You got to be so careful not to breathe out
on your binoculars like I've just done,
because now they're frozen
and I can't see anything through them.
Oh, wow!
Though basically the size of a domestic cat,
don't let appearances fool you.
You know, you see this arctic fox bouncing about.
Little bundles of fluff with their little smiley faces.
It's so easy to forget that they are
in fact little killing machines.
Right now, they're looking for lemmings.
A small little brown rodent which are hidden
in their underground lairs under the snow.
And the fox is using its incredible sense of hearing
to basically listen for the little footsteps
of the lemming as it moves about under the snow.
And when they've found a lemming under the snow,
well they then have a pretty extraordinary hunting strategy.
I've totally found an arctic fox highway.
You see in front us there's
practically more tracks than there is snow.
And that's because as long as the weather's good,
it'll just keep on hunting and then place the leftovers
in little underground meat lockers.
These foxes don't mess around.
Some of them have been recorded
making as many as 90 kills in a single day.
(snow crunching)
Ah, here we go. Right.
We know that somewhere on this frozen little pond
is an arctic hare,
and the reason that I know that
is because these are so fresh
you can see how crispy the edges are.
With this wind, it would've blown out
and be all rough by now.
So, that's really cool. We just got to find it.
They're the kings of camouflage.
I have walked past the spot four times? Five times?
And I can't believe I didn't notice it.
See right at the base of that big rock?
These arctic hares are not stupid.
Satten behind this rock right out of the wind
and it's about minus 30 degrees Celsius.
So, I don't have full control of my nose,
lips, or eyebrows.
And you'll also see that every time it lifts its head
to check for predators, it's not turning its head.
It's not looking around.
And that's because its eyes can see together
360 degrees in all directions.
So, it doesn't need to look around.
It can just head up, okay coast is clear,
and carry on eating.
Man, they're quick!
They're one of the fastest animals in the Arctic.
They can clock 37 miles an hour at top speed.
With so little to hide behind,
who wouldn't want to be fast in the Arctic?
Well, this guy.
The snowy owl gave up speed in favor
of a mightier secret weapon:
Silence.
The velvety texture of its feathers
and their comb-like edges
absorb all the sound they produce.
Go ahead. Run.
You won't even know what got you.
No way!
Oh, it's eating it.
Oh, no time for chewing. Just swallowing it whole.
Definitely not a good day for this lemming.
Yet, many predators rely on so heavily on them
that a bad year in the lemming population
turns into a devastating ripple effect across the Arctic.
(wind whistling)
Well, this blizzard's just picked up.
And up ahead, there's this group of little brown birds
and I want to know why anything is flying around in this.
The Arctic's brutal weather wards off
almost every bird on the planet,
except for a few determined little characters.
Snow buntings are an Ice Age bird
known for singing their little hearts out
whenever the temperatures start to fall well below zero.
And then there's what seems to be a snow chicken,
but these willow ptarmigan are no amateurs.
In the autumn, they grow a solid clump
of rigid feathers over their toes
creating their very own little snow shoes.
You see these little ptarmigan
just scuttling back and forth.
I think I can see little berries
kind of buried under the snow?
- Over there! Red fox! Red fox!
- What?
- See that? Grass mound. It's behind the grass.
- Where? You sure it's a red?
- Yeah. Behind the grass, the left-hand side.
- Got it. Got it. Got it.
In recent years, the red fox
has started invading the Arctic.
- Man, they're so much bigger.
- [Bertie] They don't just want
to claim their new territory...
- Arctic fox! Arctic fox!
- They want to hunt down their competition.
That arctic fox is not hanging around. It is gone.
I mean, that presence of a red fox
is, wow, big problem for those arctics.
The red's much bigger
and it just totally out competes the arctics,
and that's really a symbol of the warming climate here.
It's allowing the range of the red fox
to push further north into the Arctics.
Winter is tough as it is. Food get scarcer.
Days get shorter and further north,
the sun disappears for months.
But our unsung heroes are undaunted.
They will dig, peck, fly, or scavenge through the night.
And for the sun, it's solar winds
magically find their way through
as millions of charges particles strike
the Earth's atmosphere.
This place is out of this world.
Woo-Hoo!
(gentle piano music)