Ever since I was a young girl, I was always fascinated --
(Laughter)
Oh!
(Laughter)
OK, I meant younger and more short.
(Laughter)
If that's possible to imagine.
But ever since I was a young girl,
I was always fascinated with how the world worked exactly how it did.
So this, very early on,
led me to the fields of mathematics and chemistry.
I would keep going further and further, and as I kept going,
I realized that all the fields of science are interconnected.
And without one, the others have little or no value.
So, inspired by Marie Curie and my local science museum,
I decided to start asking these questions myself
and engage in my own independent research,
whether it be out of my garage or my bedroom.
I started reading journal papers,
started doing science competitions,
started participating in science fairs,
doing anything I could
to get the knowledge that I so desperately wanted.
So while I was studying anatomy for a competition,
I came across the topic of something called chronic wounds.
And one thing that stood out to me was a statistic
that said that the number of people in the United States with chronic wounds
exceeds the number of people with breast cancer,
colon cancer, lung cancer and leukemia, combined.
Hold up.
So what is a chronic wound?
(Laughter)
And why haven't I heard about a 5K walk for chronic wounds,
why haven't I even heard about a chronic wound in general?
(Laughter)
So after I got past those preliminary questions,
and one that I will clarify for you,
a chronic wound is essentially when someone gets a normal wound,
except it fails to heal normally
because the patient has some kind of preexisting condition,
which in most cases is diabetes.
So more staggering statistics were to be found
as I kept going on in this research.
In the year 2010 alone,
50 billion dollars were spent worldwide to treat chronic wounds.
In addition, it's estimated that about two percent of the population
will get a chronic wound at some point in their lifetime.
This was absurd.
So as I started doing more research,
I found that there was a correlation
between the moisture level inside a wound dressing
and the stage of healing that the chronic wound would be at.
So I decided, why don't I design something
to measure the moisture level within the wound
so this can help doctors and patients treat their wounds better.
And essentially, expedite the healing process.
So that's exactly what I set out to do.
Being a 14-year-old working out of her garage-turned-lab,
I had a lot of constraints.
Most being that I wasn't given a grant, I wasn't given a lot of money,
and I wasn't given a lot of resources.
In addition, I had a lot of criteria, as well.
Since this product would be readily interacting with the body,
it had to be biocompatible,
it also had to be low-cost,
as I was designing it and paying for it myself.
It also had to be mass-manufacturable,
because I wanted it to be made anywhere, for anyone.
Thus, I drafted up a schematic.
What you see on the left hand-side is the early schematics in my design,
showing both a bird's-eye view and also one stacking variant.
A stacking variant means
that the entire product is consisted of different individual parts
that have to work in unison.
And what's shown there is one possible arrangement.
So what exactly is this?
So I had gone on to testing my sensors
and as all scientists have stumbles along their work,
I also had a couple of problems in my first generation of sensors.
First of all, I couldn't figure out
how to get a nanoparticle ink into a printcheck cartridge
without spilling it all over my carpet.
That was problem number one.
Problem number two was,
I couldn't exactly control the sensitivity of my sensors.
I couldn't scale them up or down,
I couldn't really do anything of that sort.
So I wanted something to solve it.
Problem one was easily solved by some scouting on eBay and Amazon
for syringes that I could use.
Problem two, however, required a lot more thought.
So this is where this factors in.
So what a space-filling curve does
is it aims to take up all the area it can within one unit square.
And by writing a computer program, you can have different iterations
of the different curve,
which increasingly get close to one unit square,
but never quite reaches there.
So now I could control the thickness, the size,
I could do whatever I want with it, and I could predict my results.
So I started constructing my sensors
and testing them more rigorously,
using money that I had gotten from previous science fair awards.
Lastly, I had to connect this data in order to be read.
So I interfaced it with a Bluetooth chip,
which you can see here by the app screenshots on the right.
And what this does is that anyone can monitor the progress of their wound,
and it can be transmitted over a wireless connection
to the doctor, the patient or whoever needs it.
[Continued Testing and Refinement]
So in conclusion, my design was successful --
however, science never ends.
There's always something to be done, something to be refined.
So that's what I'm currently in the process of doing.
However, what I learned was
what's more important than the actual thing I designed
is an attitude that I had taken on while doing this.
And that attitude was,
even though I'm a 14-year-old working in her garage
on something that she doesn't completely understand,
I could still make a difference and contribute to the field.
And that's what inspired me to keep going,
and I hope it inspires many others to also do work like this
even though they're not very sure about it.
So I hope that's a message that you all take on today.
Thank you.
(Applause)