A squib is a miniature explosive device used in a wide range of industries, from special
effects to military applications.
It resembles a tiny stick of dynamite, both in appearance and construction, although with
considerably less explosive power.
Squibs consist of two electrical leads which are separated by a plug of insulating material,
a small bridge wire or electrical resistance heater, and a bead of heat-sensitive chemical
composition in which the bridge wire is embedded.
Squibs can be used for generating mechanical force, or to provide pyrotechnic effects for
both film and live theatrics.
Squibs can be used for shattering or propelling a variety of materials.
A squib generally consists of a small tube filled with an explosive substance, with a
detonator running through the length of its core, similar to a stick of dynamite.
Also similar to dynamite, the detonator can be a slow-burning fuse, or as is more common
today, a wire connected to a remote electronic trigger.
Squibs range in size, anywhere from 2 to 15 millimeters in diameter.
In the North American film industry, the term squib is often used to refer variously to:
electric matches and detonators.
Squibs are generally the main explosive element in an effect, and as such are regularly used
as “bullet hits”.
Uses Squibs were once used in coal mining to break
coal away from rock.
In the 1870s, some versions of the device were patented and mass-produced as "Miners'
Safety Squibs".
Today, squibs are widely used in the motion picture special effects industry to simulate
bullet impacts on inanimate objects.
Items such as sand, soil or wood splinters may be attached to the squib to simulate the
"splash" that occurs when bullets pierce different materials.
Although squibs were once used even for the simulation of bullet hits on live actors,
such use has been largely phased out in favor of more advanced devices that are safer for
the actor, such as miniature compressed gas packs.
These alternate devices are often still referred to as "squibs" even though they do not use
explosive substances.
The devices are coupled with small balloons filled with fake blood and often other materials
to simulate shattered bone and tissue.
Squibs are used in emergency mechanisms where gas pressure needs to be generated quickly
in confined spaces, while not harming any surrounding persons or mechanical parts.
In this form, squibs may be called gas generators.
One such mechanism is the inflation of automobile air bags.
In military aircraft, squibs are used to deploy countermeasures, and are also implemented
during ejection to propel the canopy and ejection seat away from a crippled aircraft.
They are also used to deploy parachutes.
Squibs are also used in automatic fire extinguishers, to pierce seals that retain liquids such as
halon, fluorocarbon, or liquid nitrogen.
History Squibs were originally made from parchment
tubes, or the shaft of a feather, and filled with fine black powder.
They were then sealed at the ends with wax.
They were sometimes used to ignite the main propellant charge in cannons.
The famous "Squib Case" Squibs are mentioned in the prominent tort
case from eighteenth-century England Scott v. Shepherd, 96 Eng.
Rep. 525.
A lit squib was thrown into a crowded market by Shepherd, and landed on the table of a
gingerbread merchant.
A bystander, to protect himself and the gingerbread, threw the squib across the market, where it
landed in the goods of another merchant.
The merchant grabbed the squib and tossed it away, accidentally hitting Scott in the
face, putting out one of his eyes.
Squibs in film The first documented use of Squibs to simulate
bullet impacts in movies was in the 1955 Polish film Pokolenie by Andrzej Wajda, where for
the first time audiences were presented with a realistic representation of a bullet impacting
on an on-camera human being, complete with blood spatter.
The creator of the effect, Kazimierz Kutz, used a condom with fake blood and dynamite.
Origin of the phrase "damp squib"
While most modern squibs used by professionals are insulated from moisture, older uninsulated
squibs needed to be kept dry in order to ignite, thus a "damp squib" was literally one that
failed to perform because it got wet.
Often misheard as "damp squid", the phrase "damp squib" has since come into general use
to mean anything that fails to meet expectations.
The word "squib" has come to take on a similar meaning even when used alone, as a diminutive
comparison to a full explosive.
See also
Firecracker Squib Load
References