hello everyone how are you today this is Marc I'm doing great
thanks for asking I have six questions about auxiliary verbs what is an auxiliary
verb ? why do we need them sometimes and other times we don't ? can we use them to
emphasize things ? how can we use them to show interest ? Do we also use them to
encourage the listener to respond ? and the last one how can they help us in
order to avoid repetition? so in this lesson we're going to answer to these
questions about auxiliary verbs so stay tuned - right so what is an auxiliary verb
an auxiliary verb is a verb used in forming tenses moods or even voices
of other verbs the primary auxiliary verbs are be do and have there are modal
auxiliaries and these are can could may might must shall will and would if you want
to watch some of these lessons you can click here just to look at the modal
verbs now let's concentrate on the main three verbs that I have here the
main three auxiliary verbs these are be do and have so be when do we use BE for
these tenses the present continuous and the past continuous remember that
for the past continuous is was or were okay it changes and when do we use these
auxiliary for positive negative and interrogative sentences we also use BE
for passive and we you need to remember that we use the verb to be the auxiliary
verb to be plus the past participle now let's look at DO
we use DO for the present simple or the past simple remember that the
third-person singular is DOES and for the past simple is DID in here we use
the auxiliary DO or DOES interrogative and negative sentences
only then we have HAVE and HAS is for the third person singular we use it for
the present perfect present perfect continuous and the past perfect or the
past perfect continuous remember that for the past we need HAD and not HAVE
we use this auxiliary for positive sentences negative sentences and
interrogative sentences remember also that we have a form and informal form
for possession which is have got so have got or the third person singular has got
now I'm going to erase this and we're going to look over the second question
that I prepared for you so our next question why do we use them sometimes
and other times we don't well DO or DOES for example we I said that we use it for
a negative sentence and interrogative times right and this is just when we're
asking for an object or when for example what do you eat for breakfast every day
what do you eat for breakfast every day so you can see the usage of the
auxiliary DO in this case do you right ? another example when does she start
University when does she start University and here we're asking for
when so DOES is the verb to DO or the auxiliary verb to DO in the third person
DOES that DOESshe start University - what happens if I ask for a subject
well we do not we do not use do does or did for example who met you at the party
who met you at the party can you see the auxiliary there it would be DID the
auxiliary we don't need DID in this question because we just don't okay
we're asking for who and the answer would be KEN met me at the party because
KEN here is the subject you're asking for the subject who met you at the party
KEN met me at the party is that if I said if I asked for the object I would
have said who did you meet at the party who did you meet at the party I met Ken
okay so this would be on the two examples for the auxiliary verbs
that we don't or don't need if I use the other auxiliaries we DO need them for
example who is coming to the party and here we're asking always for the subject
of the sentence who is coming to the party as you can see we have the
auxiliary to be and so we DO place it on the question so the answer would be John
is coming to the party so only for DO DOES or DID we do not
place it in the question when you're asking for the subject that's the
answer to this question now we go on with the third point and Can we use the
auxiliary to emphasize things we certainly can we certainly can and
we're using here can the modal verb and because I'm answering to that question
so we certainly can and we emphasize it do does did so I said that we need these
auxiliaries for negatives and interrogative sentences however if you
want to emphasize something we use it in a positive sentence just like my
examples she DOES study French with me she DOES study French with me listen to
the intonation she DOES study French with me and pay attention that study
stays as the base of the verb without an S at the end so because there is the
auxiliary DOES in this case or if you wanted to say something in the past they
DID meet me at the cinema so DID right here is the auxiliary that we normally
leave out but because we want to stress that they met me at the cinema we use
the auxiliary DID so they DID meet me at the cinema and pay attention to the
intonation you cannot say that it meet me at the cinema no they DID make me at
the cinema they DID meet me at the cinema she DOES study French and so on
I'm going to erase this and we're going to look at the other three questions
so we're back the next question how can we use auxiliaries to show interest well
by using short questions and placing the same auxiliary of the original
sentence either positive or negative let's just take a look at the example to
make that part clear so he ended up at university after all this is what I say
and my friend says did he ? good for him so I repeat I say he ended up at
university after all and a friend of mine says did he ? good for him so as you
can see we have did because is the auxilary of this sentence the original
sentence so ended ended is the past of the verb to end and is in the past
simple and the auxiliary is DID so we repeat it DID and then the same subject in
this case DID HE? good for him let's take a look at the second example so a
friend says they aren't coming over and somebody else says aren't they ? are they ?
why not? so you can see that this is the present
continuous and the auxiliary for the present continuous is the verb to be and
so in this case we have a negative sentence and the other person would
repeat the same auxiliary in the same form so negative they aren't coming over
the other person would say aren't they why not so that person is surprised that
they aren't coming over so I'm going to dedicate a lesson on this in future in
the future let's take a look at the fifth question now do we also use some
series to encourage the listener to respond we certainly do with
certainly - they are called question tags and there is a lesson on question
tag and if you want to watch that lesson on that specific topic you may click
here but I'm going just to review that for you okay so we have two examples if
the what if a statement is positive the question tag would be negative just like
here like I wrote it here so you called me and then we know that is a past
sentence or past simple and we know the auxiliary of the past simple is did
so we say didn't you you call me didn't you so this is one
person that says that right so you call me didn't you so I confirm that a person
called me and if it's positive the sentence as I told you the question tag
would be negative and another example Peter doesn't speak Italian does he ?
so Peter doesn't speak Italian does he ? so doesn't okay doesn't is negative
and so because it's negative the question tag must be positive and it is
case the auxiliary verb is does so it's present simple now the last question
okay I'm really tired after all these questions so let's take a look at the
last question how can we use auxiliaries to avoid repetition instead of repeating
the whole sentence you can use the same auxiliary of the sentence in question to
avoid repetition just like my two examples Mary and I didn't like the
movie that much but John did - so let's take a look at the auxiliary Mary and I
didn't like the move that the movie or that movies that much but John did DID
to avoid repetition DID like the movie so John liked the movie we could say but
in order to avoid repetition we just repeat the same auxiliary of the
original sentence so DID see didn't DID right Mary and I didn't like the
movie that much but John did now another example sue prefers eating late in the
evening though I don't so you can see that this is the present simple and it's
the third person singular so prefers eating late in the evening though I
don't so the same auxilary of the present simple in this case is the first
person singular and it would be do right the auxiliary so I don't I do not I do
not prefer eating late so to avoid repeating prefer eating late in the
evening we just use the auxiliary of the same the original sentence so I don't
Sue prefers eating late in the evening though I don't well I'm exhausted
today so thank you very much for watching if you want to share the lesson
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for you it would be the following week have a great day and hope to see you
next week with a new lesson if you have any comments or requests just post them
under this video great have a nice time bye bye